Goitre and urinary iodine excretion survey in schoolchildren of Kashmir Valley

Masoodi, Shariq Rashid; Ali, Altaf; Wani, Arshad Iqbal; Bashir, Muhammad Salman; Bhat, Javaid Ahmad; Mudassar, Syed; Zargar, Abdul Hamid

doi:10.1111/cen.12247

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…While the females outnumbered the males in the present study, the proportion was less than that reported in the other studies (4,16). This could be the result of the improved iodine status of the population (11), following the universal iodization program and a consequent increase in the tendency for autoimmune disorders (18), which might have ultimately resulted in a lower female to male ratio. Moreover, ethnic variation, regional differences, and/or poor accessibility to medical facilities among females due to various socio-religious factors might also explain the lower female to male ratio.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

“…The Kashmir Valley, located in the North-Indian Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, has been a known iodine-deficient area (10). With the universal implementation of salt iodization, a marked improvement in the overall iodine nutrition was observed in the Kashmir Valley (11). It is well known that the incidence of hyperthyroidism, including GD, may increase after salt iodization (12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical Spectrum and Outcome of Patients with Graves’ Disease: A Single-Center Experience from a Tertiary Care Institution in the Kashmir Valley, India

Bhat¹,

Bhat²,

Masoodi³

et al. 2021

Turk J Endocrinol Metab

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Objective: Graves' disease (GD) is a common autoimmune disorder with variable outcomes. We aim to study the clinical manifestations and treatment outcome of GD in the post-iodization scenario. Material and Methods: The present study was designed as a cross-sectional study, in which a total of 180 patients with GD (127 males and 53 females) attending our center were reviewed retrospectively. The demographic data, modes of treatment, comorbidities, remission, and recurrence rates were determined for the patients. All patients were initially treated with anti-thyroid drugs (ATDs), with the subsequent management depending on the course of the disease. Results: The mean (±SD) age at diagnosis was 38.30 (10.73) years and the lag period between the onset of symptoms and the diagnosis was 5.12 (2.69) months, with the male patients having a significantly shorter duration of illness compared to females (4.36 vs. 5.44 months; P=0.015). Majority of the patients presented with the typical symptoms and signs associated with hyperthyroidism and/or goiter, although the atypical presentations were not uncommon. ATDs were the most preferred treatment modality employed to achieve clinical and biochemical remission. The mean duration of achieving euthyroidism and the normalization of TSH levels were 3.31±1.51 and 7.45±3.35 months, respectively. On follow-up at three months, 46.1% of the patients were euthyroid, with normalization of the TSH levels in 15.6% of them. Failure to achieve early remission/disease control was significantly higher in males (p=0.003) and smokers (p=0.036). Among the 72 patients who completed medical therapy, 49 patients achieved remission, of whom 20 patients relapsed with a first-year relapse rate of 20.4%. Disease relapse was significantly associated with higher initial 99 mTechnetium (99 m Tc) uptake (p=0.022) and higher grade of goiter (p=0.026) at presentation. The logistic regression analysis revealed male gender (p=0.048) and orbitopathy (p=0.036) as the independent risk factors predicting relapse of the GD. Conclusion: Graves' disease manifests with varied clinical manifestations, including the atypical ones, warranting careful clinical assessment to ensure an accurate diagnosis. Gender and orbitopathy are the independent risk factors predicting the relapse of the disease.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Spectrum and Outcome of Patients with Graves’ Disease: A Single-Center Experience from a Tertiary Care Institution in the Kashmir Valley, India

Bhat¹,

Bhat²,

Masoodi³

et al. 2021

Turk J Endocrinol Metab

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“…9,10 Goiter was found to be a mild public health issue in areas of Champaran and Bharatpur by Umesh Kapil where the prevalence were 7.2% and 11.6% respectively. 11,12 Other studies with similar findings were seen in Uttarakhand where the total goiter rate was 13.2% and 17% in Faridabad as observed by Lohiya et al 13,14 The reason for this broad variation in prevalence can be because of the demographic characteristics in our country which influence the prevalence of goiter. 15 This could also be due to variation in the methodology adopted in terms of sample size and age groups included in various studies.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Goitersupporting

confidence: 71%

Iodine deficiency disorders in a South Indian district: still a public health problem?

Kamath

Bhattacharyya

Mokhasi

2020

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Background: Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) constitute the single largest cause of preventable brain damage worldwide leading to learning disabilities and psychomotor impairment. Nearly 266 million school children worldwide have insufficient iodine intake. IDD was found to be a public health problem in 47 countries. Since the information on current prevalence of goiter in Kolar was not available, the present study was undertaken.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among school children aged 6-12 years in Kolar taluk. A total of 2700 children were selected for goiter examination by multistage random cluster sampling technique. A total of 270 children were tested for the median urinary concentration and 540 salt samples were tested from the households of the study population.Results: The total goiter rate was 5.66% among primary school children aged 6-12 years with a significant difference between ages. As the age increased the goiter prevalence also increased. The median urinary iodine excretion level was found to be 105 mcg/l and 92.788.7% salt samples had >15 ppm iodine content.Conclusions: Present study shows mild goiter prevalence in primary school children in Kolar district and an adequate iodine content of salt in urine.

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“…Anak usia sekolah merupakan kelompok yang tepat untuk penilaian kekurangan iodium karena kerentanan fisiologis yang tinggi dan keterjangkauan anak sekolah untuk diperiksa. 11 Garam yang digunakan di wilayah penelitian pada umumnya menggunakan garam berbentuk halus dan bata. Berbeda dengan penelitian di Kabupaten Semarang bahwa secara keseluruhan, hampir semua (97 persen) keluarga menggunakan garam bentuk bata.…”

Section: Pembahasanunclassified

Gambaran Kadar Iodium Dalam Garam Rumah Tangga Berdasarkan Kadar Iodium Dalam Garam Yang Dibeli Responden Di Kecamatan Warunggunung Kabupaten Lebak Banten

Harjatmo¹,

Rachmat²,

Pritasari³

et al. 2018

MGMI

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ABSTRAK Latar Belakang. Garam dapur yang terfortifikasi umumnya merupakan sumber iodium yang baik. Survei yang telah dilakukan oleh Program Studi Diploma IV Gizi Jurusan Gizi Politeknik Kesehatan Jakarta pada 2015 di Kecamatan Warunggunung menunjukkan bahwa kadar iodium dalam garam rumah tangga yang positif mengandung iodium hanya sebesar 33,3%. Hal ini sangat jauh dari target yang telah ditetapkan pada Universal Salt Iodization (USI). Tujuan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran kadar iodium dalam garam rumah tangga berdasarkan kadar iodium dalam garam yang dibeli responden. Metode. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Sukarendah Kecamatan Warunggunung mengingat cakupan kadar iodium yang digunakan rumah tangga masih rendah sehingga perlu diteliti kadar iodium dalam garam yang dibeli rumah tangga. Sampel penelitian adalah rumah tangga yang mempunyai anak sekolah dasar di desa tersebut yang dipilih secara cluster random sampling sebanyak 60 rumah tangga dengan titik pusat klaster rumah Ketua RT. Waktu penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juli 2016. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif terhadap variabel penelitian. Hasil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar (75,0%) garam yang digunakan di rumah tangga dalam kategori negatif dan hanya 25,0% yang positif mengandung iodium sesuai dengan kadar yang ditentukan. Dari hasil pemeriksaan kadar iodium urine pada sampel anak sekolah dasar menunjukkan bahwa kadar iodium urine dalam kategori memadai namun dijumpai pada anak sekolah dasar yang kekurangan iodium dalam kategori sedang. Kesimpulan. Kadar Iodium dalam garam yang digunakan rumah tangga sebesar 75,0% dalam kategori kurang dari standar (30 ppm). Kecukupan iodium responden dalam kategori memadai berdasarkan nilai median Urine Iodine Excretion.

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Goitre and urinary iodine excretion survey in schoolchildren of Kashmir Valley

Abstract: The marked improvement in overall iodine nutrition in Kashmir Valley- one and a half decades after implementation of salt iodization should encourage healthcare providers to make tangible efforts for implementation of iodization programmes in areas with iodine deficiency.

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

Clinical Spectrum and Outcome of Patients with Graves’ Disease: A Single-Center Experience from a Tertiary Care Institution in the Kashmir Valley, India

Clinical Spectrum and Outcome of Patients with Graves’ Disease: A Single-Center Experience from a Tertiary Care Institution in the Kashmir Valley, India

Iodine deficiency disorders in a South Indian district: still a public health problem?

Gambaran Kadar Iodium Dalam Garam Rumah Tangga Berdasarkan Kadar Iodium Dalam Garam Yang Dibeli Responden Di Kecamatan Warunggunung Kabupaten Lebak Banten

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