Gold allergy in Japan

Nonaka, Hiromitsu; Nakada, Tokio; Iijima, Masafumi

doi:10.1034/j.1600-0536.2003.480211.x

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…All of these patients were females, with a mean age of 37 years and the most frequent site of eczema was the head and neck. In Japan, 8.4% of 653 patients tested from 1990 to 2001 showed a positive reaction to gold chloride, and also in this work significantly more women (10.2%) than men (0.8%) reacted [154]. A study by Bruze et al reported that a large percentage of the patch tests was long lasting, and 35% developed late reactions [155].…”

Section: Gold (Au)supporting

confidence: 67%

Metal Allergens of Growing Significance: Epidemiology, Immunotoxicology, Strategies for Testing and Prevention

Forte¹,

Petrucci²,

Bocca

2008

IADT

107

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Metal-induced allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is expressed in a wide range of cutaneous reactions following dermal and systemic exposure to products such as cosmetics and tattoos, detergents, jewellery and piercing, leather tanning, articular prostheses and dental implants. Apart from the well known significance of nickel in developing ACD, other metals such as aluminium, beryllium, chromium, cobalt, copper, gold, iridium, mercury, palladium, platinum, rhodium and titanium represented emerging causes of skin hypersensitivity. Despite the European Union directives that limit the total nickel content in jewellery alloys, the water soluble chromium (VI) in cement, and metals banned in cosmetics, the diffusion of metal-induced ACD remained quite high. On this basis, a review on the epidemiology of metal allergens, the types of exposure, the skin penetration, the immune response, and the protein interaction is motivated. Moreover, in vivo and in vitro tests for the identification and potency of skin-sensitizing metals are here reviewed in a risk assessment framework for the protection of consumer's health. Avenues for ACD prevention and therapy such as observance of maximum allowable metal levels, optimization of metallurgic characteristics, efficacy of chelating agents and personal protection are also discussed.

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Section: Gold (Au)supporting

confidence: 67%

Metal Allergens of Growing Significance: Epidemiology, Immunotoxicology, Strategies for Testing and Prevention

Forte¹,

Petrucci²,

Bocca

2008

IADT

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…All of these patients were females, with a mean age of 37 years and the most frequent site of eczema was the head and neck. In Japan, the 8.4% of 653 patients tested from 1990 to 2001 showed a positive reaction to gold chloride, and also in this work significantly more women than men reacted [86].…”

Section: Goldsupporting

confidence: 64%

The Epidemiology of Contact Allergy to Metals in the General Population: Prevalence and New Evidences

Bocca¹,

Forte²

2009

TOCBMJ

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and Ti represent causes of metal-induced allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) which expresses in a broad spectrum of cutaneous adverse manifestations. The exposure is primarily by skin contact with various items and products such as jewellery and piercing, cosmetics and tattoos, detergents, body implants and dental prostheses. To reduce the growth of the metal ACD among people, the European Union issued directives that limit the total Ni content in jewellery alloys and ban metals in cosmetics. Despite these regulations, the diffusion of metal ACD remained quite high. On this basis, a review of the epidemiological evidence of the metal-induced ACD is reported discussing the sources, the prevalence and the prescriptions.

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“…We speculated that it was caused by changes in ear‐piercing materials. Although many wore gold earrings immediately after ear piercing from the 1980s to early 1990s in Japan, stainless or titanium earrings have been subsequently widely used as the “first pierce” 2 . However, another possibility should be considered: the patch test material of gold chloride could have a problem in the later 9 years because the positive rate to it was lower than gold sodium thiosulfate (1.0% vs 5.3%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although metals are common contact allergens, clinical findings of metal contact dermatitis have varied. Gold dermatitis caused by ear piercing causing recurrent earlobe redness and swelling, and later intracutaneous nodules, 1,2 and baboon syndrome from broken thermometers 3–6 have become rare in Japan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal patch test results from 1990–2009

Nonaka

Nakada

Iijima

et al. 2010

The Journal of Dermatology

Self Cite

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Although metals are common contact allergens, clinical findings of metal contact dermatitis have varied. Such patients have subsequently become rare in Japan as gold dermatitis caused by ear piercing or baboon syndrome by broken thermometers. To evaluate such clinical findings and to determine the frequency of metal allergy, we analyzed the results of patch testing with 18 metals from 1990-2009. Nine hundred and thirty-one patients (189 men and 742 women, mean age 39.0 years [standard deviation ± 17.8]) were tested. Metals were applied on the back for 2 days, and the results read with the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group (ICDRG) scoring system 3 days after application. Reactions of + to +++ were regarded as positive. Differences of positive rates between men and women, and patients from 1990-1999 and those from 2000-2009 were analyzed with the v 2 -test. Differences were considered significant at P < 0.05. The metal to which the most patients reacted was 5% nickel sulfate (27.2%), irrespective of sex and phase. Significantly more women reacted to nickel sulfate (P < 0.01), mercuric chloride (P < 0.05) and gold chloride (P < 0.01) than men. Significantly more patients in the 1990s reacted to palladium chloride, mercuric chloride and gold chloride (all P < 0.01) than from 2000-2009. Nickel has been the most common metal allergen and mercury-sensitivity has decreased over 19 years in Japan.

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Gold allergy in Japan

Cited by 14 publications

References 12 publications

Metal Allergens of Growing Significance: Epidemiology, Immunotoxicology, Strategies for Testing and Prevention

Metal Allergens of Growing Significance: Epidemiology, Immunotoxicology, Strategies for Testing and Prevention

The Epidemiology of Contact Allergy to Metals in the General Population: Prevalence and New Evidences

Metal patch test results from 1990–2009

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