Gold endowment in the evolution of the Allaqi-Heiani suture, Egypt: A synthesis of geological, structural, and space-borne imagery data

Zoheir, Basem; Emam, Ashraf; El‐Wahed, Mohamed Abd; Soliman, Nehal

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.102938

Cited by 24 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Wadi Khuda gneisses occur as an ENE-WSW Figure 1. Distribution of the known gold mining sites and gold quartz vein occurrences relative to the major fault/shear structures and ophiolitic masses in the South Eastern Desert terrane (modified after [11]). Inset shows a location map of the study area.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The gneissic rocks of Wadi Beitan form a NW-trending belt in the northwestern part of the Wadi Hodein shear system [27] ( 2). This belt comprises fine-to coarse-grained biotite gneisses, biotite-hornblende gn and hornblende gneisses together with subordinate varieties of garnet-biotiteblende gneisses, augen gneiss, amphibolites (Figure S1c,d), migmatites and myl [11,27]. The contact between the Wadi Beitan gneisses belt and the volcaniclastic ro defined by a SW-verging thrust fault associated with discrete zones of mylonitized ites (Figure S1d).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…False color composite (FCC) and band combination images are used in geological applications based on known spectral signatures of mineral phases in specific wavelength regions. Mapping the hydrothermal alteration zones is a prime focus of mineral exploration programs using the remote-sensing data [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]11,12]. Most of the hydrothermal alteration mineral species have distinctive features in the shortwave infrared (SWIR) region, making the Landsat-8 OLI and ASTER sensors suitable data sources for mineral mapping, particularly in arid regions.…”

Section: Remote Sensing Data Characteristics and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Egypt, structural analysis aided by the interpretations of spaceborne data has been efficiently employed to constrain the major structures in the South Figure 1. Distribution of the known gold mining sites and gold quartz vein occurrences relative to the major fault/shear structures and ophiolitic masses in the South Eastern Desert terrane (modified after [11]). Inset shows a location map of the study area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shear-Related Gold Ores in the Wadi Hodein Shear Belt, South Eastern Desert of Egypt: Analysis of Remote Sensing, Field and Structural Data

et al. 2021

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Space-borne multispectral and radar data were used to comprehensively map geological contacts, lithologies and structural elements controlling gold-bearing quartz veins in the Wadi Hodein area in Egypt. In this study, enhancement algorithms, band combinations, band math (BM), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), decorrelation stretch and mineralogical indices were applied to Landsat-8 OLI, ASTER and ALOS PALSAR following a pre-designed flow chart. Together with the field observations, the results of the image processing techniques were exported to the GIS environment and subsequently fused to generate a potentiality map. The Wadi Hodein shear belt is a ductile shear corridor developed in response to non-coaxial convergence and northward escape tectonics that accompanied the final stages of terrane accretion and cratonization (~680–600 Ma) in the northern part of the Arabian–Nubian Shield. The evolution of this shear belt encompassed a protracted ~E–W shortening and recurrent sinistral transpression as manifested by east-dipping thrusts and high-angle reverse shear zones. Gold-mineralized shear zones cut heterogeneously deformed ophiolites and metavolcaniclastic rocks and attenuate in and around granodioritic intrusions. The gold mineralization event was evidently epigenetic in the metamorphic rocks and was likely attributed to rejuvenated tectonism and circulation of hot fluids during transpressional deformation. The superposition of the NW–SE folds by NNW-trending, kilometer scale tight and reclined folds shaped the overall framework of the Wadi Hodein belt. Shallow NNW- or SSE-plunging mineral and stretching lineations on steeply dipping shear planes depict a considerable simple shear component. The results of image processing complying with field observations and structural analysis suggest that the coincidence of shear zones, hydrothermal alteration and crosscutting dikes in the study area could be a considered as a model criterion in exploration for new gold targets.

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Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Remote Sensing Data Characteristics and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shear-Related Gold Ores in the Wadi Hodein Shear Belt, South Eastern Desert of Egypt: Analysis of Remote Sensing, Field and Structural Data

et al. 2021

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“…Gold mineralization is thought to have occurred during episodes of calc-alkaline granite magmatism in the evolution of the Eastern Desert shield [30][31][32]. Shear-related gold lodes have been described in several occurrences in the South and Central Eastern Desert (SED, CED) [33][34][35][36][37][38]. Zoheir [39] discussed the possibility of temporal and spatial relationships between discrete gold occurrences and regional transpression shear zones particularly between the ophiolite and island arc terranes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orogenic Gold in Transpression and Transtension Zones: Field and Remote Sensing Studies of the Barramiya–Mueilha Sector, Egypt

et al. 2019

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Multi-sensor satellite imagery data promote fast, cost-efficient regional geological mapping that constantly forms a criterion for successful gold exploration programs in harsh and inaccessible regions. The Barramiya–Mueilha sector in the Central Eastern Desert of Egypt contains several occurrences of shear/fault-associated gold-bearing quartz veins with consistently simple mineralogy and narrow hydrothermal alteration haloes. Gold-quartz veins and zones of carbonate alteration and listvenitization are widespread along the ENE–WSW Barramiya–Um Salatit and Dungash–Mueilha shear belts. These belts are characterized by heterogeneous shear fabrics and asymmetrical or overturned folds. Sentinel-1, Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR), Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER), and Sentinel-2 are used herein to explicate the regional structural control of gold mineralization in the Barramiya–Mueilha sector. Feature-oriented Principal Components Selection (FPCS) applied to polarized backscatter ratio images of Sentinel-1 and PALSAR datasets show appreciable capability in tracing along the strike of regional structures and identification of potential dilation loci. The principal component analysis (PCA), band combination and band ratioing techniques are applied to the multispectral ASTER and Sentinel-2 datasets for lithological and hydrothermal alteration mapping. Ophiolites, island arc rocks, and Fe-oxides/hydroxides (ferrugination) and carbonate alteration zones are discriminated by using the PCA technique. Results of the band ratioing technique showed gossan, carbonate, and hydroxyl mineral assemblages in ductile shear zones, whereas irregular ferrugination zones are locally identified in the brittle shear zones. Gold occurrences are confined to major zones of fold superimposition and transpression along flexural planes in the foliated ophiolite-island arc belts. In the granitoid-gabbroid terranes, gold-quartz veins are rather controlled by fault and brittle shear zones. The uneven distribution of gold occurrences coupled with the variable recrystallization of the auriferous quartz veins suggests multistage gold mineralization in the area. Analysis of the host structures assessed by the remote sensing results denotes vein formation spanning the time–space from early transpression to late orogen collapse during the protracted tectonic evolution of the belt.

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Structural and tectonic evolution of suture‐related belts and post‐accretionary systems in the Arabian‐Nubian Shield

El‐Wahed

Attia

2023

Geological Journal

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Deforming belts in the Arabian‐Nubian Shield (ANS) are classified into (1) suture‐related belts, including arc–arc and arc‐continental, and (2) post‐accretionary systems, including N‐trending compression zones and NW‐trending strike‐slip faults. Terrane accretion took place in the ANS between 800 and 700 Ma, along arc–arc sutures. Such sutures are directed from E to NE in the northern part of the ANS, and from N to NE in the south, and are aligned in the north and east with N‐ or S‐verging ophiolitic nappes, or in the south with W‐verging nappes. The Asir, Hijaz, and Midyan terranes formed the Western Arabian shield by 715 Ma. The Afif terrane collided with the Hijaz and Asir terranes between 680 and 640 Ma, terminating the subduction along the Nabitah suture. Subduction began west of the Al Amar arc near the margin of the Ar Rayn terrane at 670 Ma. Afif and Ar Rayn terranes collided along the Al Amar‐Idsas suture about 640 Ma, producing the Idsas orogeny that initiated the major faulting and folding. Strike‐slip faults and upright folds related to oblique convergence between terranes and/or post‐accretionary systems deform the southern sutures. The eastern and western boundaries of the ANS are marked by arc‐continental sutures and characterized by N‐trending deformation belts that formed at 750–650 Ma when the ANS collided with East and West Gondwana.

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Gold endowment in the evolution of the Allaqi-Heiani suture, Egypt: A synthesis of geological, structural, and space-borne imagery data

Cited by 24 publications

References 59 publications

Shear-Related Gold Ores in the Wadi Hodein Shear Belt, South Eastern Desert of Egypt: Analysis of Remote Sensing, Field and Structural Data

Shear-Related Gold Ores in the Wadi Hodein Shear Belt, South Eastern Desert of Egypt: Analysis of Remote Sensing, Field and Structural Data

Orogenic Gold in Transpression and Transtension Zones: Field and Remote Sensing Studies of the Barramiya–Mueilha Sector, Egypt

Structural and tectonic evolution of suture‐related belts and post‐accretionary systems in the Arabian‐Nubian Shield

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