Gold Nanoclusters: Nanomedicine Potentials and Applications

Shahsavari, Shayan; Behroozi, Farnaz

doi:10.15406/jnmr.2016.03.00069

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…When in this polarization state, microglia induce neuroinflammation by producing proinflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide (NO), and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can lead to neural damage and impaired neurogenesis. , Moreover, M1 microglia can trigger astrocyte infiltration and activation (astrogliosis) . This can result in glial scar formation, which can form a barrier surrounding the injured region that prevents neuronal/axonal extension. , In contrast, M2 microglia are activated by interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-13, which induce neurogenesis and brain tissue regeneration by secreting anti-inflammatory neurotrophic factors such as IL-10, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). ,,, The shift from M2 microglia to M1 microglia has been associated with increased injury progression in stroke and TBI. , Hence, modulating microglial polarization from M1 toward M2 is considered as a potential therapeutic strategy for CNS regeneration and disease treatment. ,, …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent advances in nanotechnology suggest that nanoparticles are promising drug delivery systems for the treatment of CNS disorders. , Gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) are an emerging class of fluorescent nanomaterial that show potential as biomedical imaging and biosensing agents due to their unique size and optical properties, excellent photostability, and biocompatibility. ,− Furthermore, due to their ultrasmall size (<3 nm), AuNCs can also readily cross biological membranes and can penetrate the blood–brain barrier (BBB) . As AuNCs have been reported to stimulate immune response, it is therefore necessary to examine whether this potential bioimaging tool would affect neuroinflammation or would the patient’s health be impaired during diagnosis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Dihydrolipoic Acid–Gold Nanoclusters Regulate Microglial Polarization and Have the Potential To Alter Neurogenesis

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is one of the most significant features in a variety of central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as traumatic brain injury, stroke, and many neurodegenerative diseases. Microglia become polarized upon stimulation. The two extremes of the polarization are the neuron-destructive proinflammatory M1-like and the neuron-regenerative M2-like phenotypes. Thus, manipulating microglial polarization toward the M2 phenotype is a promising therapeutic approach for CNS repair and regeneration. It has been reported that nanoparticles are potential tools for regulating microglial polarization. Gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) could penetrate the blood–brain barrier and have neuroprotective effects, suggesting the possibility of utilizing AuNCs to regulate microglial polarization and improve neuronal regeneration in CNS. In the current study, AuNCs functionalized with dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA–AuNCs), an antioxidant with demonstrated neuroprotective roles, were prepared, and their effects on polarization of a microglial cell line (BV2) were examined. DHLA–AuNCs effectively suppressed proinflammatory processes in BV2 cells by inducing polarization toward the M2-like phenotype. This was associated with a decrease in reactive oxygen species and reduced NF-kB signaling and an improvement in cell survival coupled with enhanced autophagy and inhibited apoptosis. Conditioned medium from DHLA–AuNC-treated BV2 cells was able to enhance neurogenesis in both the neuronal cell line N2a and in an ex vivo brain slice stroke model. The direct treatment of brain slices with DHLA–AuNCs also ameliorated stroke-related tissue injury and reduced astrocyte activation (astrogliosis). This study suggests that by regulating neuroinflammation to improve neuronal regeneration, DHLA–AuNCs could be a potential therapeutic agent in CNS disorders.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dihydrolipoic Acid–Gold Nanoclusters Regulate Microglial Polarization and Have the Potential To Alter Neurogenesis

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The polarization of macrophages (among the major cell types in the innate immune system) plays a key role in dental pulp infection and inflammation (Izumi et al, 1995;Iwasaki et al, 2011;Colombo et al, 2014). In our recent study (Xiao et al, 2020), we found that dihydrolipoic acidfunctionalized gold nanoclusters (DHLA-AuNCs) (Zhang et al, 2013;Li et al, 2014;Zhang and Wang, 2014;Shahsavari and Behroozi, 2016;Zhao et al, 2016;Zheng et al, 2017) efficiently regulated inflammatory responses. DHLA-AuNCs (referred to as AuNCs herein) directed the phenotype switch from M1 toward M2, creating an immune microenvironment beneficial for tissue regeneration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold Nanoclusters Potentially Facilitate Dentin Regeneration by Functioning Immunomodulation

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It is presently difficult to achieve dental pulp vitality maintenance and regeneration in adult teeth. Dentin destruction results in the exposure of the dental pulp tissue to infectious oral environments, thereby triggering continuous severe pulp inflammation that impedes the self-regenerative capacity of the pulp. For these reasons, the regeneration of dentin bridges to block pulp tissue from the oral environment is an indispensable step. Nevertheless, this goal is difficult to achieve using present strategies, because the importance of immunoregulation in the pulp inflammatory microenvironment has been ignored. In our previous study, we found that the nanomaterial dihydrolipoic acid-functionalized gold nanoclusters (DHLA-AuNCs) efficiently regulated inflammatory responses in microglia (resident macrophages in the central nervous system), suggesting that DHLA-AuNCs may induce dentin bridge regeneration by regulating dental pulp macrophage responses. In the present study, we found that DHLA-AuNCs inhibited the M1 phenotype while promoting the M2 phenotype in macrophages in inflammatory conditions in vitro. This regulation of the inflammatory environment in dental pulp enhanced the differentiation of human dental pulp stromal cells (hDPC) toward odontoblasts, a beneficial effect on dentin regeneration. DHLA-AuNCs also had a direct role in the differentiation and mineralization of hDPC. These findings suggest that DHLA-AuNCs facilitate dentin regeneration through both efficient immunomodulation and direct induction of stromal cell differentiation/mineralization, providing a potential therapeutic nanomaterial for dentin bridge regeneration, effects that would be beneficial for dental pulp regeneration.

show abstract

Recent Advances in Biomaterials‐Based Therapies for Alleviation and Regeneration of Traumatic Brain Injury

Chen

Zhao

et al. 2023

Macromolecular Bioscience

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Traumatic brain injury (TBI), a major public health problem accompanied with numerous complications, usually leads to serve disability and huge financial burden. The adverse and unfavorable pathological environment triggers a series of secondary injuries, resulting in serious loss of nerve function and huge obstacle of endogenous nerve regeneration. With the advances in adaptive tissue regeneration biomaterials, regulation of detrimental microenvironment to reduce the secondary injury and to promote the neurogenesis becomes possible. The adaptive biomaterials could respond and regulate biochemical, cellular, and physiological events in the secondary injury, including excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, to rebuild circumstances suitable for regeneration. In this review, the development of pathology after TBI is discussed, followed by the introduction of adaptive biomaterials based on various pathological characteristics. The adaptive biomaterials carried with neurotrophic factors and stem cells for TBI treatment are then summarized. Finally, the current drawbacks and future perspective of biomaterials for TBI treatment are suggested.

show abstract

Gold Nanoclusters: Nanomedicine Potentials and Applications

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

Dihydrolipoic Acid–Gold Nanoclusters Regulate Microglial Polarization and Have the Potential To Alter Neurogenesis

Dihydrolipoic Acid–Gold Nanoclusters Regulate Microglial Polarization and Have the Potential To Alter Neurogenesis

Gold Nanoclusters Potentially Facilitate Dentin Regeneration by Functioning Immunomodulation

Recent Advances in Biomaterials‐Based Therapies for Alleviation and Regeneration of Traumatic Brain Injury

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About