Gold Nanoparticle Embedded on a Reduced Graphene Oxide/polypyrrole Nanocomposite: Voltammetric Sensing of Furazolidone and Flutamide

Abstract

A new electrochemical sensor has been constructed based on the in situ preparation of gold nanoparticle embedded on reduced graphene oxide and polypyrrole nanotube (AuNP@rGO/PPyNT) composite through a nanosecond laser-induced heating technique. The as-prepared composite is used for individual as well as the simultaneous electrochemical determination of chemotherapy drug (furazolidone, FU) and anticancer drug (flutamide, FLT). The composite was analyzed by X-ray Diffraction, scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, thus confirming the successful synthesis of this composite and its physical features. The modified AuNP@rGO/PPyNT electrode was examined through cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) methods in pH 7.0 for the determination of FU and FLT in individual, simultaneous, and mixed systems. The fabricated sensor showed wide linear responses (0.01–1080.11 μM and 0.01–1214.11 μM) of analytes, with the lower limits of detection of 2.3 and 2.45 nM and higher sensitivity of 53.75 and 50.06 μA μM–1 cm–2, respectively. Furthermore, the constructed sensor demonstrates higher stability, reproducibility, and repeatability, and is effectively applied for the analysis of FU and FLT content in the human serum sample analysis with satisfactory recovery.

Development a New Carbon Nanocomposite Containing MWCNT as Adsorbent for Effective Removal of Cloxacillin

“…After immobilization of the GNU on the GO modified SPCE (FigS1B), the effective electrode surface is increased, and therefore, their presence is anticipated to improve the electron transfer rate from the electrode surface, therewith enhancing the electrode sensitivity to Clox molecules. These results are consistent with the results ofSangili et al (2020) for surface modification of electrodes with graphene oxide / gold nanoparticles to increase surface area and improve electron transfer rate.…”

Influence of Crystalline, Structural, and Electrochemical Properties of Iron Vanadate Nanostructures on Flutamide Detection

“…Based on the results obtained, the plausible reaction mechanism is as follows (Figure e): reduction of the nitroaromatic group to hydroxylamine by a four-electron and four-proton transfer process (4e – and 4H + ) and subsequent oxidation of hydroxylamine to nitroso derivative (−NO) by a two electron transfer process (2e – ). ,, …”

Design of Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide/Titanium Disulfide Nanocomposite Sensor for Selective Determination of Ascorbic Acid

“…Meanwhile, a positive shift of the anodic peak potential (0.31 → 0.43 V) is also seen due to the enhanced rate of diffusive mass transport of electrolytes at erGO/TiS 2 //GCE in the presence of AA, implying a quasi-irreversible behavior of AA. Figure b yields a good linear relationship between the square root of the scan rate (ν 1/2 ) and the I pa response, denoting that the proposed electrode is dominated by the diffusion-controlled mass-transfer process . The corresponding regression equation (eq ) can be written as The diffusion coefficient ( D 0 ) for AA oxidation at erGO/TiS 2 //GCE is estimated from the Randles–Sevcik equation (eq ) for an irreversible reaction and found to be 3.4 × 10 –3 cm 2 ·s –1 …”

“…Figure 5b yields a good linear relationship between the square root of the scan rate (ν 1/2 ) and the I pa response, denoting that the proposed electrode is dominated by the diffusion-controlled mass-transfer process. 54 The corresponding regression equation (eq 4) can be written as…”