Gold Nanoparticles Bifunctionalized by Chemiluminescence Reagent and Catalyst Metal Complexes: Synthesis and Unique Chemiluminescence Property

Abstract

Despite much progress in functionalized gold nanomaterial (GNMs), chemiluminescent (CL) functionalized GNMs with high CL efficiency are far from fully developed. In this work, we report a general strategy for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) bifunctionalized by CL reagent and catalyst metal complexes (BF-GNPs) by taking N-(aminobutyl)-N-(ethylisoluminol) (ABEI) as a model of CL reagents. The complexes of 2-[bis[2-[carboxymethyl-[2-oxo-2-(2-sulfanylethylamino)ethyl]amino]ethyl]amino]acetic acid (DTDTPA) with various metal ions, including Co(2+), Cu(2+), Pb(2+), Ni(2+), Hg(2+), Cr(3+), Eu(3+), La(3+), Gd(3+), Sm(3+), Er(3+), Dy(3+), Ce(4+), and Ce(3+), were grafted on the surface of ABEI functionalized GNPs (ABEI-GNPs) to form a series of BF-GNPs. These BF-GNPs exhibited excellent CL activity. In particular, the CL intensity of DTDTPA/Co(2+)-ABEI-GNPs was over 3 orders of magnitude higher than ABEI-GNPs. This work demonstrates for the first time that metal complexes grafted on the surface of GNPs have unique catalytic activity on the CL reaction, superior to that in the liquid phase. Such BF-GNPs may find future applications in bioassays, microchips, and molecular/cellular imaging.

Firefly-mimicking intensive and long-lasting chemiluminescence hydrogels

“…The CL spectrum of ABEI/Co 2+ /CS hydrogels with H 2 O 2 exhibited a peak centered at ~ 440 nm, as shown in Supplementary Fig. 3 , which was consistent with that of the CL reaction of ABEI with H 2 O 2 15 . These results demonstrated that the CL reaction of ABEI with H 2 O 2 was responsible for the light emission.…”

“…When H 2 O 2 slowly diffuses to the active site, Co 2+ as a catalyst would react with H 2 O 2 to produce a highly reactive hydroxyl radical OH • , followed by the reaction with ABEI anion and HO 2 – to facilitate the formation of ABEI radicals and O 2 •– . Finally, ABEI radicals react with O 2 •– to generate strong CL emission 15 . Because of the slow diffusion rate of H 2 O 2 in hydrogels with high viscosity and micro/nano-sized pores, the CL reaction is a slow-diffusion-controlled process and could proceed for several days.…”

Chemiluminescent magnetic nanoparticles with good catalytic activity and rapid separation capability and sensitive sensing for H2O2

“…4B . It was found that maximum CL emission of ABEI/CuFe 2 O 4 was around 445 nm, which was consistent with that of ABEI-H 2 O 2 CL system, indicating that the CL emission of the nanomaterials was generated by the reaction of ABEI with H 2 O 2 [ 29 ].

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Rational design of functional materials guided by single particle chemiluminescence imaging

“…3G). 41 It was also reported that the attachment of Co 2+ to a rigid polymer resulted in an increase in the catalytic activity and the stability of the catalyst 42. Thus, it is believed that Co 2+ coordinated by hydroxyl groups on the inside wall of the microbeads with amorphous multi-core structure exhibited outstanding heterogeneous catalytic activity on the CL reaction, leading to the enhanced CL emission.…”