Gold nanorods as a theranostic platform for in vitro and in vivo imaging and photothermal therapy of inflammatory macrophages

Abstract

Inflammatory macrophages play pivotal roles in the development of atherosclerosis. Theranostics, a promising approach for local imaging and photothermal therapy of inflammatory macrophages, has drawn increasing attention in biomedical research. In this study, gold nanorods (Au NRs) were synthesized, and their in vitro photothermal effects on the macrophage cell line (Ana-1 cells) under 808 nm near infrared reflection (NIR) were investigated by the CCK8 assay, calcein AM/PI staining, flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), silver staining and in vitro micro-computed tomography (CT) imaging. These Au NRs were then applied to an apolipoprotein E knockout (Apo E) mouse model to evaluate their effects on in vivo CT imaging and their effectiveness as for the subsequent photothermal therapy of macrophages in femoral artery restenosis under 808 nm laser irradiation. In vitro photothermal ablation treatment using Au NRs exhibited a significant cell-killing efficacy of macrophages, even at relatively low concentrations of Au NRs and low NIR powers. In addition, the in vivo results demonstrated that the Au NRs are effective for in vivo imaging and photothermal therapy of inflammatory macrophages in femoral artery restenosis. This study shows that Au nanorods are a promising theranostic platform for the diagnosis and photothermal therapy of inflammation-associated diseases.

Graphene Oxide Wrapped SiO2/TiO2 Hollow Nanoparticles Loaded with Photosensitizer for Photothermal and Photodynamic Combination Therapy

“…TEM images showed that particles were taken up into the cells by endocytic pathways. The intracellular particles retained their original spherical hollow shape, and most of the HNPs were located in the endosome/lysosomes . Furthermore, the HNPs were evenly distributed throughout the inner‐cell cytoplasm.…”

“…The intracellularp articles retained their original spherical hollow shape, and most of the HNPs were located in the endosome/lysosomes. [1] Furthermore, the HNPs were evenly distributed throughout the inner-cell cytoplasm. In addition, the cellular structures were not dam- www.chemeurj.org aged;t his result suggested that the internalized HNPs did not induce cell damage to the cells.…”

“…Recently, nanomaterials with PTT capabilities have been explored for the photothermal treatment of tumor cells. A number of organic/inorganic nanomaterials, such as gold nanoparticles, palladium nanocomposites, and conducting polymer‐based nanomaterials, have also been studied as photothermal heating agents to kill cancer cells . Among the various photothermal agents, graphene oxide (GO) has been widely investigated for PTT applications .…”

Lanthanide-Connecting and Lone-Electron-Pair Active Trigonal-Pyramidal-AsO3 Inducing Nanosized Poly(polyoxotungstate) Aggregates and Their Anticancer Activities

“…6) that the control cells emit green fluorescence, which signifies that they are alive. However, most HeLa and MCF–7 cells incubated by 4 and 8 with the concentration of 1 mg/mL after 6 h exhibit the fluorescence color change from green to red, which indicate that they have been dead44. Numerous studies have shown that apoptosis is a typical form for chemotherapy drug-induced cell death.…”

Advanced Near‐Infrared Light‐Responsive Nanomaterials as Therapeutic Platforms for Cancer Therapy

“…[61] In a study by Li et al, they discovered that 7 nm Au NRs (designated as sAuNRs) were more efficient for cell uptake than 14 nm Au NRs (designated as bAuNRs) in cell-mediated PTT applications. [61] In a study by Li et al, they discovered that 7 nm Au NRs (designated as sAuNRs) were more efficient for cell uptake than 14 nm Au NRs (designated as bAuNRs) in cell-mediated PTT applications.…”