Gold Nanorods as an Efficient Substrate for the Detection and Degradation of Pesticides

Abstract

The rapid, ultralow detection, degradation, and complete removal of pesticides demand the design of potential substrates. Herein, we discussed gold nanorods (Au NRs) as the potential substrate for the naked eye detection and degradation of two common and broad-spectrum pesticides, chlorpyrifos (CPF) and malathion (MLT), up to 0.15 ppt concentration within 2 min. Under certain environmental conditions, both the pesticides degraded and adsorbed on the surface of Au NRs. The degraded moieties of CPF and MLT on the surface of Au NRs formed side-to-side and end-to-end interactions, respectively, leading to a long-range assembly. This shows that no external agent is required, and only CPF and MLT analytes are quite enough for the formation of assembly of Au NRs. Assembly of Au NRs is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, and degradation is supported by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC−MS) analyses. Au NRs were recovered and reused for four consecutive cycles. The fast and ultralow detection of pesticides demonstrates that Au NRs are a potential substrate for the detection and degradation of pesticides.

Photocatalytic Degradation of Water Pollutants and Pesticides Using Plasmon‐Molecule Coupled Gold‐BODIPY Nanoparticles

“…We chose pesticides such as chlorpyriphos (CPF) and tetramethyl thiram disulphide (TMTD) because they are commonly found in surface water (Figure 4). CPF is reported to spread up to 24 km in the air from the site of application and thus easily enters air, soil, surface water, and groundwater [45,46] . Breathing in or consumption of TMTD or chlorpyrifos leads to neurological disorders with side effects such as headache, impaired vision, salivation, seizure, coma, and disorientation [47–52] …”

“…CPF is reported to spread up to 24 km in the air from the site of application and thus easily enters air, soil, surface water, and groundwater. [45,46] Breathing in or consumption of TMTD or chlorpyrifos leads to neurological disorders with side effects such as headache, impaired vision, salivation, seizure, coma, and disorientation. [47][48][49][50][51][52] We used NMR spectroscopy to study the photodegradation of CFP and TMTD.…”

Exploring Various Photochemical Processes in Optical Sensing of Pesticides by Luminescent Nanomaterials: A Concise Discussion on Challenges and Recent Advancements

“…Thereafter, neither MIP nor QD, but a nanorod, was utilized. Bhavya and co-workers utilized unique anisotropic nanostructures, Au nanorods (Au NRs), for the fast recognition and degradation of two pesticides simultaneously, namely, chlorpyrifos (CPF) and malathion (MLT), with the lowest detection limit of 0.15 ppt for both . CPF and MLT interacted with the Au NRs via side-to-side and end-to-end assemblies, respectively, without using any salt inducer.…”

Functionalized Silver Nanocubes for the Detection of Hazardous Analytes through Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering: Experimental and Computational Studies

“…The use of composites is one of the better solution for cost-effectiveness and large-scale use of materials in industrial applications . Environmental contamination occurs in different ways, such as the use of dyes, pesticides, heavy metal ions and the release of toxic gases and other organic pollutants into the environment without proper pretreatment. − Environmental contamination causes pollution of air, water, and soil to a large extent and result in detrimental effects in humans and other living entities. , Industries are the main source of dye-based water contamination where the dye-contaminated water is released to water bodies without proper pretreatment. As a result, the fresh water sources get contaminated, which is a threat to humans as well as aquatic life.…”