Gold-Nanoshell-Functionalized Polymer Nanoswimmer for Photomechanical Poration of Single-Cell Membrane

Wang, Wei; Wu, Zhiguang; Lin, Xiankun; Si, Tieyan; He, Qiang

doi:10.1021/jacs.8b13882

Cited by 141 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Apart from the autonomous motion, the movement of swimming nanorobots can be operated toward specific cell in vitro conveniently by regulating the externally physical signal, including light gradient, acoustic frequency, and magnetic direction 39,40,50 . As shown in Figure 2C, swimming nanorobots could be autonomously navigated to target the cell membrane.…”

Section: Basics Of Swimming Nanorobot and Cell Membranementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considered the drive force is not enough to open the cell membrane, recent efforts attempt to realize the swimming nanorobot to perforate cell membrane through addition of extra forces. The swimming nanorobot achieved mechanical opening of cell membrane with the assistance of NIR light irradiation 40 . The gold nanoshell‐functionalized polymer tubular swimming nanorobot with a length of 10 μm possesses asymmetric geometry along the long axis (big opening of ∼800 nm, and small opening of ∼200 nm).…”

Section: Mechanically Opening a Cell Membranementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In early stereotypes of swimming nanorobots, owing to the ability of their motion and self‐navigation and precision in single cell resolution, the swimming nanorobots seem to be efficient for the intracellular drug delivery, associating with potential application on cell‐based therapies, cellular surgery, genome editing, and guiding cell fate 35–39 . However, the cell membranes hindered the pathway of intracellular delivery and the swimming nanorobots were hard to mechanically open cell membranes in a short time due to insufficient driving force 40 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Swimming nanorobots for opening a cell membrane mechanically

Wang

2020

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Swimming nanorobots performing efficient self‐propulsion in various biofluids have drawn tremendous attention over 15 years due to their application including active drug delivery, precise cell manipulation, noninvasive surgery, rapid biosensor, and mobile in vivo imaging in the field of biomedicine. However, there are still many challenges in using swimming nanorobots in practice for active drug delivery and therapy, such as biocompatibility of chemical fuels or externally physical fields, biodegradation of synthetic materials, biofouling in bodily fluids, in vivo imaging of swimming nanorobots, and self‐navigation for active targeting. In this review, we highlight the mechanical drilling of cell membranes by swimming nanorobots and discuss the issues, because the cell membranes are one of the key barriers for intracellular drug delivery and drug delivery efficiency of swimming nanorobots. We will summarize the recent advances in swimming nanorobots with different propulsion mechanism and introduce the fundamental issues of interaction between swimming nanorobot and cell membrane. Then, the process, mechanism, and optimization of mechanically opening a cell membrane by swimming nanorobots are discussed and the perspective on the challenge and solution is also included. Such swimming nanorobots capable of mechanically opening a cell membrane could help to better understand the biophysical property of cells and pave the development of precision medicine.

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Section: Basics Of Swimming Nanorobot and Cell Membranementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanically Opening a Cell Membranementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Swimming nanorobots for opening a cell membrane mechanically

Wang

2020

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“…In recent years, synthetic and biological membranes have found their applications in the field water purification [18], dialysis [19] and targeted gene and drug delivery [20]. Especially in biomedical researches, the interaction of motile particles with biological membranes should be fully understood to explain the delivery of cargo to the interior of the cells [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Properties of the Fluid Mixture Confined by a Semipermeable Membrane: A Density Functional Study

et al. 2020

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Classical density functional theory (DFT) is employed to study the structural properties of a binary fluid mixture confined by a semipermeable membrane. The influences of volume fraction and size asymmetry on three characteristic densities and excess adsorption are investigated in detail. In addition, some of our results are calculated by the analytical method, which agree well with those from the DFT calculations. These results may provide helpful clues to understand the structural properties of other complex fluids or mixture confined by semipermeable membrane.

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“…In fact, synthetic membranes are now routinely used already for applications from water purification [5,6] to dialysis [7,8] and can be regarded as a paradigmatic success of biomimetics [9][10][11]. Future perspectives for the usage of synthetic membranes involve problems like targeted gene and drug delivery to (cancer) cells [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] or, more generally, the delivery of cargo to the interior of synthetic droplets, requiring a precise understanding of the interaction of motile particles with synthetic and biological membranes. Evidence from previous studies has shown that the physical uptake by living cells is strongly affected by the particle and membrane physicochemical and functional properties [25][26][27][28][29][30][31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theory of active particle penetration through a planar elastic membrane

et al. 2019

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With the rapid advent of biomedical and biotechnological innovations, a deep understanding of the nature of interaction between nanomaterials and cell membranes, tissues, and organs, has become increasingly important. Active penetration of nanoparticles through cell membranes is a fascinating phenomenon that may have important implications in various biomedical and clinical applications. Using a fully analytical theory supplemented by particle-based computer simulations, the penetration process of an active particle through a planar two-dimensional elastic membrane is studied. The membrane is modeled as a selfassembled sheet of particles, uniformly arranged on a square lattice. A coarse-grained model is introduced to describe the mutual interactions between the membrane particles. The active penetrating particle is assumed to interact sterically with the membrane particles. State diagrams are presented to fully characterize the system behavior as functions of the relevant control parameters governing the transition between different dynamical states. Three distinct scenarios are identified. These compromise trapping of the active particle, penetration through the membrane with subsequent self-healing, in addition to penetration with permanent disruption of the membrane. The latter scenario may be accompanied by a partial fragmentation of the membrane into bunches of isolated or clustered particles and creation of a hole of a size exceeding the interaction range of the membrane components. It is further demonstrated that the capability of penetration is strongly influenced by the size of the approaching particle relative to that of the membrane particles. Accordingly, active particles with larger size are more likely to remain trapped at the membrane for the same propulsion speed. Such behavior is in line with experimental observations. Our analytical theory is based on a combination of a perturbative expansion technique and a discrete-tocontinuum formulation. It well describes the system behavior in the small-deformation regime. Particularly, the theory allows to determine the membrane displacement of the particles in the trapping state. Our approach might be helpful for the prediction of the transition threshold between the trapping and penetration in real-space experiments involving motile swimming bacteria or artificial active particles.

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Gold-Nanoshell-Functionalized Polymer Nanoswimmer for Photomechanical Poration of Single-Cell Membrane

Cited by 141 publications

References 54 publications

Swimming nanorobots for opening a cell membrane mechanically

Swimming nanorobots for opening a cell membrane mechanically

Structural Properties of the Fluid Mixture Confined by a Semipermeable Membrane: A Density Functional Study

Theory of active particle penetration through a planar elastic membrane

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