“…Research on the proposed project aims at enhancing photocatalysis through the development of new classes of materials or the modification of surfaces. Therefore, a great deal of research has been conducted regarding the development of active photocatalytic materials [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. In comparison to other metal oxide semiconductors, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) is effective in removing dyes from water effluents, but it has been well-explored to synthesize inexpensive ZnO photocatalysts for removing synthetic organic dyes from aqueous solutions [ 32 , 33 , 34 ].…”