Gold Sodium Thiomalate (GTM) Induces Hypersensitivity to Thiomalate, the Thiol Carrier of GTM

Ikezawa, Zenrō; Kitamura, Kazuko; Nakajima, Hiroshi

doi:10.1111/j.1346-8138.1990.tb01693.x

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 12 publications

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“…Contrarily, numerous reports have demonstrated the potential for metallic gold to elicit ACD reactions in sensitized individuals (1438). Metallic gold (in the form of 24 karat gold earrings and metallic gold patch test agents), has been shown to trigger localized ACD reactions, implying a variation in the exposure thresholds associated with allergic sensitization and elicitation (1493,1660). Accordingly, while dissolution behavior appears critical in the propensity for gold-containing objects to induce dermal sensitization, it appears less important with respect to the elicitation of ACD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal Nanomaterials: Immune Effects and Implications of Physicochemical Properties on Sensitization, Elicitation, and Augmentation of Allergic Disease

Roach¹

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The recent surge in incorporation of engineered metallic and metal oxide nanomaterials into consumer products and their corresponding use in occupational settings has raised concerns over their potential to induce material size-specific toxicological effects. Although metal nanomaterials have been shown to induce greater degrees of lung injury and inflammation than their larger metal counterparts, their size-related effects on the immune system and allergic disease remain largely unknown. This knowledge gap is particularly concerning since metals are common inducers of allergic contact dermatitis, occupational asthma, and allergic adjuvancy.Overall, more scientific knowledge exists regarding the potential for metal-containing nanomaterials to exacerbate allergic disease than to their potential to induce allergic disease. Furthermore, effects of metal nanomaterial exposure on respiratory allergy have been more thoroughly-characterized than their potential influence on dermal allergy. Despite the existence of such knowledge, specific correlations between metal nanomaterial physico-chemical properties and their allergic effects have yet to be consistently demonstrated. As the number of emerging nanomaterials continues to increase, the delineation of these relationships has the potential to advance risk assessment efforts by helping to identify specific agents that may present an elevated risk for allergic effects.Two sets of studies were designed to begin addressing some of the knowledge gaps associated with the immunotoxic potential of metal nanomaterials in the context of allergic disease. The hypothesis of these studies was that nanomaterials comprised of metal constituents with known immunomodulatory potential augment, induce, and elicit allergic disease more readily than larger forms of the materials. Moreover, the nature of the immune responses caused by exposure to these metal nanomaterials, as well as the magnitude of the effects, correlates best with the parameter of dose surface area.The first set of studies incorporated NiO particles with different physico-chemical properties into an in vivo time course study and OVA asthma model. Results from the time course study demonstrated that the smaller NiO particles caused more pronounced pulmonary injury and inflammation, a discrepancy that could be mitigated by normalizing the administered particle dose to the surface area of the larger material. In the OVA model, augmentation of the allergic response was largely conserved with respect to NiO surface area, wherein larger doses caused polarization of pulmonary immune reposes towards a Th1/17-dominant state and smaller doses induced Th2-skewed responses. Despite this association, several immune markers, including total IgE production, BAL eosinophil number, and Penh response correlated better with other metrics, such as particle size.The second set of studies employed Au particles and nanoparticles to assess size-specific differences in allergenic potential. Neither particle was associated with potential for skin...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal Nanomaterials: Immune Effects and Implications of Physicochemical Properties on Sensitization, Elicitation, and Augmentation of Allergic Disease

Roach¹

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Drug Reactions

Breathnach¹

2004

Rook's Textbook of Dermatology

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Dermatological Manifestations of Metal Poisoning

Nambi¹

2016

Rook's Textbook of Dermatology, Ninth Edition

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Skin manifestations from poisoning by metals and metalloids are varied. The spectrum of metallodermatoses includes pigmentary changes, inflammatory dermatoses, urticarial eruptions, pre‐cancers, malignancies and anaphylaxis. The toxic effects of metal poisoning are often unrecognized and delayed diagnosis is common. The metals and metalloids discussed in this chapter include antimony, arsenic, gold, lead, mercury, selenium, silver, thallium, beryllium, molybdenum and platinum.

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Gold Sodium Thiomalate (GTM) Induces Hypersensitivity to Thiomalate, the Thiol Carrier of GTM

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Metal Nanomaterials: Immune Effects and Implications of Physicochemical Properties on Sensitization, Elicitation, and Augmentation of Allergic Disease

Metal Nanomaterials: Immune Effects and Implications of Physicochemical Properties on Sensitization, Elicitation, and Augmentation of Allergic Disease

Drug Reactions

Dermatological Manifestations of Metal Poisoning

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