Golden jackals (Canis aureus) as hosts for ticks and tick-borne pathogens in Serbia

Sukara, Ratko; Chochlakis, Dimosthenis; Ćirović, Duško; Penezić, Aleksandra; Mihaljica, Darko; Ćakić, Sanja; Valčić, Miroslav; Tselentis, Yannis; Psaroulaki, Anna; Tomanović, Snežana

doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.04.003

Cited by 28 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Among wild canids, A. phagocytophilum has been molecularly detected in gray foxes ( Urocyon cinereoargenteus ) (9%) from northern California, USA ( 59 ), red foxes from Italy (0.5–16.6%) ( 18 , 30 ), Germany (8.2%) ( 21 ), the Netherlands (9.9%) ( 22 ), Romania (2.55%) ( 24 ), Hungary (12.5%) ( 26 ), Switzerland (2.4%) ( 27 ), Czech Republic (0.8%) ( 7 ), Austria (0.6%) ( 32 ), raccoon dogs from Germany (23%) ( 21 ), golden jackals ( Canis aureus ) from Serbia (0.9%) ( 8 ), and raccons dogs ( Nyctereutes procyonoides ) from Korea (1%) ( 16 ). In Africa, Anaplasma sp.…”

Section: Molecular Prevalence and Diversity Of Tick-borne Anaplasmatamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A positive role of golden jackals ( Canis aureus ) in the ecosystems has been reported based on the services these animals provide by removing a substantial amount of animal waste through their diet. However, the recent detection of A. phagocytophilum (0.2%) in these animals in Serbia brought up the fact that these wild carnivores may play a role as potential carriers of vector-borne zoonotic pathogens ( 8 ). In Israel, a seroprevalence of 26% to A. phagocytophilum was detected among a population of 53 free-ranging golden jackals; 5.7% of which were only seropositive to A. phagocytophilum , without any seroreactivity to either E. canis or E. chaffeensis ( 104 ).…”

Section: Implications Of Anaplasmataceae Infection In Wild Carnivoresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversity of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia/Neoehrlichia Agents in Terrestrial Wild Carnivores Worldwide: Implications for Human and Domestic Animal Health and Wildlife Conservation

André

2018

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Recently, the incidence and awareness of tick-borne diseases in humans and animals have increased due to several factors, which in association favor the chances of contact among wild animals and their ectoparasites, domestic animals and humans. Wild and domestic carnivores are considered the primary source of tick-borne zoonotic agents to humans. Among emergent tick-borne pathogens, agents belonging to family Anaplasmataceae (Order Rickettsiales) agents stand out due their worldwide distribution and zoonotic potential. In this review we aimed to review the genetic diversity of the tick-transmitted genera Ehrlichia, Anaplasma and “Candidatus Neoehrlichia sp.” in wild carnivores Caniformia (Canidae, Mustelidae and Ursidae) and Feliformia (Felidae, Hyanidae, Procyonidae and Viverridae) worldwide, discussing the implications for human and domestic animal health and wildlife conservation. Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) have been identified as hosts for Anaplasma spp. (A. phagocytophilum, Anaplasma ovis, A. platys), Ehrlichia canis and “Candidatus Neoehrlichia sp.” (FU98 strain) and may contribute to the maintaenance of A. phagocytophilum in Europe. Raccoons (Procyon lotor) have been reported as hosts for E. canis, A. bovis, “Candidatus Neoehrlichia lotoris” and A. phagocytophilum, and play a role in the maintenance of A. phagocytophilum in the USA. Raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) may play a role as hosts for A. bovis and A. phagocytophilum. New Ehrlichia and/or Anaplasma genotypes circulate in wild canids and felids from South America and Africa. While Ehrlichia sp. closely related to E. canis has been reported in wild felids from Brazil and Japan, Anaplasma sp. closely related to A. phagocytophilum has been detected in wild felids from Brazil and Africa. Red foxes and mustelids (otters) are exposed to E. canis in countries located in the Mediaterranean basin, probably as a consequence of spillover from domestic dogs. Similarly, E. canis occurs in procyonids in North (raccoons in USA, Spain) and South (Nasua nasua in Brazil) Hemispheres, in areas where E. canis is frequent in dogs. While “Candidatus Neoehrlichia lotoris” seems to be a common and specific agent of raccoons in the USA, “Candidatus Neoehrlichia sp.” (FU98 strain) seems to show a broader range of hosts, since it has been detected in red fox, golden jackal (Canis aureus) and badger (Meles meles) in Europe so far. Brown (Ursus arctos) and black (Ursus americanus) bears seem to play a role as hosts for A. phagocytophilum in the North Hemisphere. Anaplasma bovis has been detected in wild Procyonidae, Canidae and Felidae in Asia and Brazil. In order to assess the real identity of the involved agents, future works should benefit from the application of MLST (Multi Locus Sequence Typing), WGS (Whole Genome Sequencing) and NGS (Next Generation Sequencing) technologies aiming at shedding some light on the role of wild carnivores in the epidemiology of Anaplasmataceae agents.

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Section: Molecular Prevalence and Diversity Of Tick-borne Anaplasmatamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Implications Of Anaplasmataceae Infection In Wild Carnivoresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia/Neoehrlichia Agents in Terrestrial Wild Carnivores Worldwide: Implications for Human and Domestic Animal Health and Wildlife Conservation

André

2018

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…Also, a recent study was carried out on ten localities in Serbia, regarding the molecular detection of various tick-borne pathogens in spleen samples of golden jackals, and ticks recovered from these animals. The presence of C. burnetii was not established neither in spleen samples or in ticks [22] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Molecular Evidence of Q Fever Agent Coxiella Burnetii in Ixodid Ticks Collected from Stray Dogs in Belgrade (Serbia)

et al. 2018

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Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii, a gram-negative coccobacillus, which has been detected in a wide range of animal species, mostly domestic ruminants, but also in wild mammals, pets, birds, reptiles, arthropods (especially ticks), as well as in humans. Although the exposure to domestic animals in rural areas is regarded as the most common cause of the disease in humans, recent studies have shown that the role of pets in the epidemiology of Q fever has been increasingly growing. Although the primary route of infection is inhalation, it is presumed that among animals the infection circulates through ticks and that they are responsible for heterospecifi c transmission, as well as spatial dispersion among vertebrates. The aim of this study was to determine the presence and prevalence of C. burnetii in ticks removed from stray dogs, as well as to examine the distribution of tick species parasitizing dogs on the territory of Belgrade city. A PCR protocol targeting IS1111 repetitive transposon-like region of C. burnetii was used for the detection of C. burnetii DNA in ticks and the results were confi rmed by sequence analysis. In total, 316 ticks were collected from 51 stray dogs - 40 females (78.43%) and 11 males (21.57%). Three species of ticks were identifi ed: Rhipicephalus s anguineus (72.15%), Ixodes ricinus (27.53%) and Dermacentor reticulatus (0.32%). Out of 316 examined ticks, C. burnetii DNA was detected only in the brown dog tick R. sanguineus, with a total prevalence of 10.53% (24/228) . The high prevalence of C. burnetii in R. sanguineus, which is primarily a dog tick, indicates the importance of dogs in the epidemiology of Q fever in the territory of Belgrade.

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“…The presence of Ixodes ricinus, Dermacentor marginatus, Dermacentor reticulatus, Haemaphysalis concinna and Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. was confirmed on hunted jackals (Sukara et al, 2018;Stojanov et al, 2014), while ten tick species (Ixodes ricinus, I. hexagonus, I. canisuga, I. kaiseri, D. reticulatus, D. marginatus, R. sanguineus s.l., Haemaphysalis punctata, H. concinna, and Haemaphysalis inermis), were confirmed as ectoparasites of red foxes in Serbia (Hornok et al, 2017a;Stojanov et al, 2014;Tomanović et al, 2013b;Pavlović et al, 2001). Several previously mentioned tick species have been confirmed to harbor pathogens important from a medical and veterinary point of view, such as Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Anaplasma ovis, Francisella tularensis, Rickettsia spp., Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex (s.l.…”

Section: Role Of Jackals and Foxes In The Epidemiology Of Tick-borne mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…For the first time in Europe, a recently conducted study in Serbia has indicated to jackals as potential reservoirs of A. phagocytophilum. Two animals (0.9%) originating from the locality Smederevo and Velika Plana were positive for A. phagocytophilum DNA (Sukara et al, 2018). This finding and the fact that jackals inhabit around 70% of the country (Ćirović et al, 2018) together with the confirmed presence of I. ricinus as the main vector of A. phagocytophilum on jackals (Sukara et al, 2018), give us a basis to conclude that jackals have a potential role in the maintenance of the causative agent of human and animal anaplasmosis in Serbia.…”

Section: Role Of Jackals and Foxes In The Epidemiology Of Tick-borne mentioning

confidence: 99%

Wild canids as hosts for ticks and tick-borne zoonotic pathogens in Serbia

et al. 2020

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Wild canids are recognized as important reservoir hosts for several vector-borne pathogens and are a good sentinel species for epidemiological surveillance. Identifying the reservoir hosts for particular zoonotic pathogens in a specific area enables the implementation of adequate measures in order to prevent the occurrence of zoonotic diseases in humans and domestic animals. The present review aims to summarize the role of wild canids in the epidemiology of tick-borne zoonoses in Serbia based on previously published papers and to discuss the available data from an epidemiological point of view. The results of previously published studies indicate that wild canids are potential reservoir hosts for several zoonotic tick-borne pathogens in Serbia, and hosts for several tick species which are proven competent vectors. Based on molecular studies conducted so far, the presence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, was confirmed in jackals while the presence of Candidatus Neoehrlichia micurensis (FU98), Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, Borrelia garinii, and Borrelia lusitaniae was proven by PCR in analyzed red foxes. There is a need for continuous epidemiological monitoring of diseases caused by pathogens previously confirmed in wild canids. Also, further research is needed to reveal the role of other wild and domestic animals in the epidemiology of tick-borne zoonoses in Serbia.

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Golden jackals (Canis aureus) as hosts for ticks and tick-borne pathogens in Serbia

Cited by 28 publications

References 54 publications

Diversity of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia/Neoehrlichia Agents in Terrestrial Wild Carnivores Worldwide: Implications for Human and Domestic Animal Health and Wildlife Conservation

Diversity of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia/Neoehrlichia Agents in Terrestrial Wild Carnivores Worldwide: Implications for Human and Domestic Animal Health and Wildlife Conservation

Molecular Evidence of Q Fever Agent Coxiella Burnetii in Ixodid Ticks Collected from Stray Dogs in Belgrade (Serbia)

Wild canids as hosts for ticks and tick-borne zoonotic pathogens in Serbia

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