GOMOS on Envisat: an overview

Kyrölä, E.; Tamminen, J.; Leppelmeier, G. W.; Sofieva, Viktoria; Hassinen, S.; Bertaux, Jean-Loup; Hauchecorne, Alain; Dalaudier, Francis; Cot, C.; Korablev, Oleg; d’Andon, O. Fanton; Barrot, G.; Mangin, A.; Théodore, B.; Guirlet, M.; Etanchaud, F.; Snoeij, P.; Koopman, R.; Saavedra, L.; Fraïssé, R.; Fussen, D.; Vanhellemont, F.

doi:10.1016/s0273-1177(03)00590-8

Cited by 159 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…First estimations by Sofieva (2009) andHorwath andPerlot (2008), details of which will be published elsewhere, show that the influence of scintillation on single LIO channels is rather high, as is for example known from stellar occultation data like the GOMOS instrument on Envisat (Kyrölä et al, 2004). In particular, the relative intensity fluctuations rapidly grow with decreasing altitude, nearly proportional to air density, from about 0.05 (r.m.s.)…”

Section: Turbulencementioning

confidence: 95%

Atmospheric influences on infrared-laser signals used for occultation measurements between Low Earth Orbit satellites

2011

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Abstract. LEO-LEO infrared-laser occultation (LIO) is a new occultation technique between Low Earth Orbit (LEO)satellites, which applies signals in the short wave infrared spectral range (SWIR) within 2 µm to 2.5 µm. It is part of the LEO-LEO microwave and infrared-laser occultation (LMIO) method that enables to retrieve thermodynamic profiles (pressure, temperature, humidity) and altitude levels from microwave signals and profiles of greenhouse gases and further variables such as line-of-sight wind speed from simultaneously measured LIO signals. Due to the novelty of the LMIO method, detailed knowledge of atmospheric influences on LIO signals and of their suitability for accurate trace species retrieval did not yet exist. Here we discuss these influences, assessing effects from refraction, trace species absorption, aerosol extinction and Rayleigh scattering in detail, and addressing clouds, turbulence, wind, scattered solar radiation and terrestrial thermal radiation as well. We show that the influence of refractive defocusing, foreign species absorption, aerosols and turbulence is observable, but can be rendered small to negligible by use of the differential transmission principle with a close frequency spacing of LIO absorption and reference signals within 0.5 %. The influences of Rayleigh scattering and terrestrial thermal radiation are found negligible. Cloud-scattered solar radiation can be observable under bright-day conditions, but this influence can be made negligible by a close time spacing (within 5 ms) of interleaved laser-pulse and background signals. Cloud extinction loss generally blocks SWIR signals, except very thin or sub-visible cirrus clouds, which can be addressed by retrieving a cloud layering profile and exploiting it in the trace species retrieval. Wind can have a small influence on the trace species absorption, which can be made negligible by using a simultaneously retrieved or a moderately accurate

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Section: Turbulencementioning

confidence: 95%

Atmospheric influences on infrared-laser signals used for occultation measurements between Low Earth Orbit satellites

2011

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“…GOMOS is a stellar occultation instrument, that has been in operation since the launch of Envisat (see Kyrölä et al, 2004, and references therein). It is a UV/visible/near-IR grating spectrometer that can measure about 100 000 star occultations per year with a vertical sampling of better than 1.7 km.…”

Section: Envisat/gomosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of ozone measurements from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE)

Dupuy¹,

Walker²,

Kar³

et al. 2009

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. This paper presents extensive bias determination analyses of ozone observations from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) satellite instruments: the ACE Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) and the Measurement of Aerosol Extinction in the Stratosphere and Troposphere Retrieved by Occultation (ACE-MAESTRO) instrument. Here we compare the latest ozone data products from ACE-FTS and ACE-MAESTRO with coincident observations from nearly 20 satellite-borne, airborne, balloonborne and ground-based instruments, by analysing volume mixing ratio profiles and partial column densities. The ACE-FTS version 2.2 Ozone Update product reports more ozone than most correlative measurements from the upper troposphere to the lower mesosphere. At altitude levels from 16 to 44 km, the average values of the mean relative differences are nearly all within +1 to +8%. At higher altitudes (45-60 km), the ACE-FTS ozone amounts are significantly larger than those of the comparison instruments, with mean relative differences of up to +40% (about +20% on average). For the ACE-MAESTRO version 1.2 ozone data product, mean relative differences are within ±10% (average values within ±6%) between 18 and 40 km for both the sunrise and sunset measurements. At higher altitudes (∼35-55 km), systematic biases of opposite sign are found between the ACE-MAESTRO sunrise and sunset observations. While ozone amounts derived from the ACE-MAESTRO sunrise occultation data are often smaller than the coincident observations (with mean relative differences down to −10%), the sunset occultation profiles for ACE-MAESTRO show results that are qualitatively similar to ACE-FTS, indicating a large positive bias (mean relative differences within +10 to +30%) in the 45-55 km altitude range. In contrast, there is no significant systematic difference in bias found for the ACE-FTS sunrise and sunset measurements.

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“…is a stellar occultation instrument onboard the ENVISAT satellite (see Bertaux et al (1991Bertaux et al ( , 2000Bertaux et al ( , 2004; Bertaux et al (2010); Kyrölä et al (2004); ESA (2001), http://envisat.esa. int/handbooks/gomos/ and other articles of this special volume).…”

Section: Gomos (Global Ozone Monitoring By Occultation Of Stars)mentioning

confidence: 99%

GOMOS O3, NO2, and NO3 observations in 2002–2008

et al. 2010

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Abstract. The Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars (GOMOS) instrument onboard the European Space Agency's ENVISAT satellite measures ozone, NO 2 , NO 3 , H 2 O, O 2 , and aerosols using the stellar occultation method. Global coverage, good vertical resolution and the self-calibrating measurement method make GOMOS observations a promising data set for building various climatologies and time series. In this paper we present GOMOS nighttime measurements of ozone, NO 2 , and NO 3 during six years [2002][2003][2004][2005][2006][2007][2008]. Using zonal averages we show the time evolution of the vertical profiles as a function of latitude. In order to get continuous coverage in time we restrict the latitudinal region to 50 • S-50 • N. Time development is analysed by fitting constant, annual and semi-annual terms as well as solar and QBO proxies to the daily time series. Ozone data cover the stratosphere, mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). NO 2 and NO 3 data cover the stratosphere. In addition to detailed analysis of profiles we derive total column distributions using the fitted time series.The time-independent constant term is determined with a good accuracy (better than 1%) for all the three gases. The median retrieval accuracy for the annual and semi-annual term varies in the range 5-20%. For ozone the annual terms dominate in the stratosphere giving early winter ozone maxima at mid-latitudes. Above the ozone layer the annual terms change the phase which results in ozone summer maximum up to 80 km. In the MLT the annual terms dominate up Correspondence to: E. Kyrölä (erkki.kyrola@fmi.fi) to 80 km where the semiannual terms start to grow. In the equatorial MLT the semi-annual terms dominate the temporal evolution whereas in the mid-latitude MLT annual and semiannual terms compete evenly. In the equatorial stratosphere the QBO dominates the time development but the solar term is too weak to be determined. In the MLT above 85 km the solar term grows significantly and ozone has 15-20% dependence on the solar cycle. For NO 2 below 32 km the annual summer maxima dominates at mid-latitudes whereas in the equatorial region a strong QBO prevails. In northern mid-latitudes a strong solar term appears in the upper stratosphere. For NO 3 the annual variation dominates giving rise to summer maxima. The NO 3 distribution is controlled by temperature and ozone.

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GOMOS on Envisat: an overview

Cited by 159 publications

References 11 publications

Atmospheric influences on infrared-laser signals used for occultation measurements between Low Earth Orbit satellites

Atmospheric influences on infrared-laser signals used for occultation measurements between Low Earth Orbit satellites

Validation of ozone measurements from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE)

GOMOS O<sub>3</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, and NO<sub>3</sub> observations in 2002–2008

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GOMOS on Envisat: an overview

Cited by 159 publications

References 11 publications

Atmospheric influences on infrared-laser signals used for occultation measurements between Low Earth Orbit satellites

Atmospheric influences on infrared-laser signals used for occultation measurements between Low Earth Orbit satellites

Validation of ozone measurements from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE)

GOMOS O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, and NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; observations in 2002–2008

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GOMOS O<sub>3</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, and NO<sub>3</sub> observations in 2002–2008