Culter alburnus is an important commercially fish species for freshwater breeding in China, and the females grow faster than the males. However, the molecular genetic mechanism of sex determination in C.alburnus is still poorly characterized. Here, we performed de novo assembly of a transcriptome from adult fish tissues of different gender using short read sequencing technology (Illumina). Our results showed that a total of 364,650 unigenes using Trinity software were obtained, giving rise to an average of 561.92 bp per read. Among them, 70,215 sequences matched known genes, including 5,892 male-biased unigenes and 942 female-biased unigenes. Many sex-related genes and pathways were identified based on annotation information. These results would provide new insights into the genetic mechanism of C.alburnus sex determination and also establish an important foundation for further research on aquaculture breeding.Culter alburnus is one kind of important fish species for freshwater breeding in China, and the female individual grows faster than the male one. Thus, developing sex control technology to produce all female population can improve breeding yield and increase economic income. Although we succeeded to obtain all female species through gynogenesis and sex reversal, the genetic mechanism of sex determination in C.alburnus is still poorly characterized. These remaining problems severely limit sex control breeding technology application in C.alburnus.Recently, with advancements in next-generation sequencing technologies, transcriptome profiling provides an invaluable tool for gene discovery and functional analysis [1]. So far, several fish species that involved in sex determination and differentiation by RNA-seq are reported, including Oreochromis niloticus [2], Xiphophorus maculatus [3], Ictalurus punctatus [4], Paralichthys olivaceus [5], Danio rerio [6], Oncorhynchus mykiss [7], and so on. These transcriptome sequencing