Gonadotropin Levels in Mothers Who Have Had Two Sets of DZ Twins

Martin, N.G.; Beaini, Jose L. El; Olsen, Marilyn; Bhatnagar, Ajay S.; Macourt, David C.

doi:10.1017/s0001566000007613

Cited by 27 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Birthweight has been found to be positively associated with high levels of pregnancy oestrogens in some studies (Petridou et al, 1990;Trichopoulos, 1990) and breast cancer with being a dizygotic twin (Braun et al, 1995;Swerdlow et al, 1997), which evidence suggests may be of hormonal origins (Nylander, 1981;Martin et al, 1984;Kappel et al, 1985). Moreover, the increase in breast cancer risk in dizygotic twins has been restricted to young ages, like the relationship with birthweight which we, and others (Michels et al, 1996;Sanderson et al, 1996), have found.…”

Section: supporting

confidence: 58%

Birthweight, childhood growth and risk of breast cancer in a British cohort

et al. 2000

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There has been recent interest in the possibility that breast cancer can have a prenatal origin (Trichopoulos, 1990). Various studies have reported on the relationship between birthweight, taken as a marker of prenatal environment, and breast cancer, but with differing results. One study (Ekbom et al, 1992; reported no association between birthweight and breast cancer, two (Le Marchand et al, 1988;Sanderson et al, 1996) an inverse relationship, and one (Michels et al, 1996) a positive association. The latter was a case-control study nested within the US Nurses' Cohort, which found that the odds of breast cancer for women who weighed 4 kg or more at birth was twice that of women who weighed less than 2.5 kg (Michels et al, 1996). The relationship was strongest for women aged 50 or younger.Various factors might explain the inconsistency of these results. In some studies the information on birthweight was based on recall by the women themselves or their mothers (Michels et al, 1996;Sanderson et al, 1996), in most no account was taken of adult-life risk factors for breast cancer (Ekbom et al, 1992;Le Marchand et al, 1988), and no account was taken in any of childhood and pubertal factors.The present study examines the relationship between birthweight and breast cancer in a UK national cohort of 2221 women who have been followed since their birth in 1946, and for whom data on birthweight, markers of childhood growth and adult-life risk factors for breast cancer have been recorded. The Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD) is a socially stratified birth cohort of 2548 women and 2814 men born in the UK during the week 3-9 March 1946 (Wadsworth, 1991;Wadsworth and Kuh, 1997). The cohort comprised single, legitimate births to wives of all non-manual and agricultural workers and to 1 in 4 wives of manual workers. There have been 19 follow-up contacts with the cohort members between their birth and age 43 years, most by home interviews. The sample interviewed at age 43 years were, in most respects, representative of the native population of that age (Wadsworth et al, 1992). Since 1993, when the cohort members were 48 years of age, a postal health questionnaire has been sent annually to all women in the study with whom there was still direct contact. At these separate contacts, breast cancer diagnosis was self-reported and recorded. In 1971, when the National Health Service Central Register (NHSCR) started to record cancers occurring in the population of the UK, all cohort members (including those with whom there was no longer direct contact) were 'flagged' at the NHSCR. This provided notification of registrations of cancer, death and emigration for the cohort.Information on birthweight was extracted from the birth records of the cohort members and categorized into four groups: < 3.000 kg, 3.000-3.499 kg, 3.500-3.999 kg, ≥ 4.000 kg, in accord with previous studies (Ekbom et al, 1997;Michels et al, 1996). Data on maternal age and birth order were collected at the original h...

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Section: supporting

confidence: 58%

Birthweight, childhood growth and risk of breast cancer in a British cohort

et al. 2000

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“…The fact that the outcome studied in the present model was live birth may have had an influence on this. Associations have previously been described between female height and dizygotic twinning, both spontaneously and after IVF (positively), and between female height and risk of premature birth (negatively) (47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56). Human height has steadily increased over the past centuries, which has been interpreted as a consequence of improvements of health and nutrition (57).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Which factors are most predictive for live birth after in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) treatments? Analysis of 100 prospectively recorded variables in 8,400 IVF/ICSI single-embryo transfers

Vaegter

Lakic²,

Olovsson

et al. 2017

Fertility and Sterility

150

103

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“…[52][53][54] It is thought that dizygotic twin pregnancies have higher maternal hormone levels than monozygotic pregnancies. 55,56 Swerdlow et al 52 noted an odds ratio (OR) of 1.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-2.2) for testicular cancer in dizygotic twins compared to monozygotic twins. Braun et al 54 reported a significant 2-fold increase in risk among dizygotic twins compared to Swedish population levels.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of testicular cancer: An overview

Garner

Turner

Ghadirian

et al. 2005

Intl Journal of Cancer

244

191

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Testicular cancer is a rare disease, accounting for 1.1% of all malignant neoplasms in Canadian males. Despite the low overall incidence of testicular cancer, it is the most common malignancy among young men. The incidence rate of testicular cancer has been increasing since the middle of the 20th century in many western countries. However, the etiology of testicular cancer is not well understood. A search of the peer-reviewed literature was conducted to identify important articles for review and inclusion in this overview of the epidemiology of testicular cancer. Most of the established risk factors are related to early life events, including cryptorchidism, carcinoma in situ and in utero exposure to estrogens. Occupational, lifestyle, socioeconomic and other risk factors have demonstrated mixed associations with testicular cancer. Although there are few established risk factors for testicular cancer, some appear to be related to hormonal balance at various life stages. Lifestyle and occupational exposures occurring later in life may play a role in promoting the disease, although they are not likely involved in cancer initiation. In addition to summarizing the current epidemiologic evidence on risk factors for testicular cancer, we suggest future research directions that may elucidate the etiology of testicular cancer. ' 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Over the last 30 years, many studies have sought to discover factors associated with the development and promotion of testicular cancer. At present, however, there are few well-established risk factors for this disease, most notably cryptorchidism and age. For the most part, the etiology of testicular cancer remains unknown.This article provides an overview of risk factors that have been associated with testicular cancer to date. The purpose of this overview is to summarize the scientific literature on the epidemiology of testicular cancer, thereby providing a guide for future research that will advance our knowledge of testicular cancer etiology. Our overview is based on a detailed literature search dating to the late 1960s that was carried out through electronic databases and Medline. The publications considered in this overview are reliable scientific articles on the etiology of testicular cancer from different parts of the world. Incidence trendsThe worldwide incidence of testicular cancer has doubled over the last 40 years.1 In most countries, testicular cancer is rare, with an age-standardized incidence rate ranging from about 1/100,000 in Asian and African/African-American populations to 9.2/ 100,000 in Denmark (Table I).2 The age distribution of testicular cancer is distinct from that for other cancers, with the majority of cases occurring between the ages of 25-35.3 A second, much smaller, peak occurs after 80 years of age.3-5 Testicular cancer incidence varies markedly by race, with blacks and other nonwhite races exhibiting extremely low rates in comparison to white populations.

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Gonadotropin Levels in Mothers Who Have Had Two Sets of DZ Twins

Cited by 27 publications

References 11 publications

Birthweight, childhood growth and risk of breast cancer in a British cohort

Birthweight, childhood growth and risk of breast cancer in a British cohort

Which factors are most predictive for live birth after in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) treatments? Analysis of 100 prospectively recorded variables in 8,400 IVF/ICSI single-embryo transfers

Epidemiology of testicular cancer: An overview

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