Gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuronal system of the freshwater snailsHelisoma trivolvis andLymnaea stagnalis: Possible involvement in reproduction

Young, Kevin G.; Chang, John P.; Goldberg, Jeffrey I.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19990222)404:4<427::aid-cne1>3.0.co;2-r

Cited by 65 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Many studies have reported the existence of GnRH-like peptides in the ovaries of many invertebrates, including Lymnea stagnalis and H. trivolvis (Young et al 1999), A. californica (Zhang et al 2000;Tsai et al 2010), and H. asinina (Nuurai et al 2010b). Similar findings have been reported in a tunicate, C. intestinalis (Di Fiore et al 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Existence and distribution of gonadotropin-releasing hormone-like peptides in the central nervous system and ovary of the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

et al. 2011

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We used antibodies against octopus gonadotropin-releasing hormone (octGnRH) and tunicate GnRH (tGnRH-I) in order to investigate the existence and distribution of GnRH-like peptides in the central nervous system (CNS) and in the ovary during various stages of the ovarian cycle of the white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. OctGnRH-immunoreactive and tGnRH-I-immunoreactive neurons and fibers were present in several regions of the supraesophageal ganglion (brain), subesophageal ganglion (SEG), thoracic ganglia, and abdominal ganglia. In the brain, both octGnRH immunoreactivity (ir) and tGnRH-I-ir were detected in neurons of clusters 6, 11, 17, and associated fibers, and the anterior medial protocerebral, posterior medial protocerebral, olfactory, and tegumentary neuropils. In the SEG and thoracic ganglia, octGnRH-immunoreactive and tGnRH-I-immunoreactive neurons and fibers were present in dorsolateral and ventromedial cell clusters and in surrounding fibers. Only immunoreactive fibers were detected in the abdominal ganglia. In the ovary, both octGnRH and tGnRH-I were detected at medium intensity in the cytoplasm of early step oocytes (Oc2) and, at high intensity, in Oc3. Furthermore, octGnRH-ir and tGnRH-I-ir were intense in follicular cells surrounding Oc2 and Oc3. The presence of GnRH-ir in the CNS and ovary indicates that GnRH-like peptides occur in the white shrimp, and that GnRHs are involved in the reproductive process, especially ovarian maturation and the differentiation of oocytes, as reported in other species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Existence and distribution of gonadotropin-releasing hormone-like peptides in the central nervous system and ovary of the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

et al. 2011

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“…Its presence was once thought to be restricted to members of Phylum Chordata, but increasing evidence suggests otherwise. A large number of studies reported the presence of GnRH-immunoreactivity (ir) and bioactivity in the gastropods (Goldberg et al, 1993;Young et al, 1999;Zhang et al, 2000;Tsai et al, 2003), bivalves (Pazos and Mathieu, 1999;Nakamura et al, 2007), polyplacophorans , cephalopods (Di Cosmo and Di Cristo, 1998;Di Cristo et al, 2002), cnidarians (Anctil, 2000;Twan et al, 2006), and platyhelminthes (Anctil and Tekaya., 2005). Importantly, a dodecapeptide containing the structural core of chordate GnRH was isolated from the central nervous system (CNS) of the common octopus (Iwokoshi et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular cloning, expression pattern, and immunocytochemical localization of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone-like molecule in the gastropod mollusk, Aplysia californica

Zhang

Tello

Zhang

et al. 2008

General and Comparative Endocrinology

106

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Successful reproduction in vertebrates depends upon the actions of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Despite the wide presence of GnRH in Phylum Chordata, GnRH has not been isolated in protostomes other than the common octopus. To provide information on the evolution of this critical hormone, we isolated the full-length cDNA of a GnRH-like molecule from the central nervous system of a gastropod mollusk, the sea hare Aplysia californica. The open reading frame of this cDNA encodes a protein of 147 amino acids. The molecular architecture of the deduced protein is highly homologous to that reported for the prepro-octopus GnRH (oct-GnRH) and consists of a putative signal peptide, a GnRH dodecapeptide, a downstream processing site, and a GnRH-associated peptide (GAP). The deduced amino acid sequence of the Aplysia GnRH (ap-GnRH) is QNYHFSNGWYAG and differs from oct-GnRH by only two amino acids. The transcript for ap-GnRH is widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), the ovotestis, and the atrial gland, an exocrine gland. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) using an antiserum against oct-GnRH detected immunoreactive neurons in all CNS ganglia examined, and the staining was abolished by the preadsorption of the antiserum with synthetic ap-GnRH. In sum, ap-GnRH sequence is the first gastropod GnRH-like molecule to be elucidated. Further, it represents one of the only two GnRH-like molecules found outside Phylum Chordata. These data refute the possibility that oct-GnRH arose singly in cephalopods by convergent evolution and provide valuable support for an ancient origin of GnRH during metazoan evolution.

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“…In mollusks, the existence of immunoreactivity (ir)-GnRH was reported in gastropods, Halisoma trivolvis, Lymnaea stagnalis, and Aplysia californica (Goldberg et al 1993;Pazos and Mathieu 1999;Young et al 1999;Zhang et al 2000Zhang et al , 2007Tsai et al 2003), and a cephalopod, Octopus vulgaris (Di Cosmo and Di Cristo 1998;Di Cristo et al 2002;Iwakoshi et al 2002;Iwakoshi-Ukena et al 2004). Ir-GnRH was also observed in a cnidarian (Anctil 2000), a platyhelminthes (Anctil and Tekaya 2005) and a coral (Twan et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The identification and distribution of gonadotropin-releasing hormone-like peptides in the central nervous system and ovary of the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Ngernsoungnern

Kavanaugh

et al. 2008

Invert Neurosci

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In the present study, we demonstrated the existence of GnRH-like peptides in the central nervous system (CNS) and ovary of the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii using immunocytochemistry. The immunoreactivity (ir) of lamprey (l) GnRH-III was detected in the soma of medium-sized neurons located in neuronal cluster number 11 in the middle part of supraesophageal ganglion (deutocerebrum), whereas ir-octopus (oct) GnRH was observed in the soma of both medium-sized and large-sized neurons in thoracic ganglia, as well as in the fibers innervating the other medium-sized and large-sized neuronal cell bodies in the thoracic ganglia. In addition, ir-lGnRH-I was observed in the cytoplasm of late previtellogenic oocyte and early vitellogenic oocyte. These data suggest that M. rosenbergii contain at least three isoforms of GnRH: two GnRH isoforms closely related to lGnRH-III and octGnRH in the CNS, whereas another isoform, closely related to lGnRH-I, was localized in the ovary. This finding provides supporting data that ir-GnRH-like peptide(s) may exist in this decapod crustacean.

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Gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuronal system of the freshwater snailsHelisoma trivolvis andLymnaea stagnalis: Possible involvement in reproduction

Cited by 65 publications

References 36 publications

Existence and distribution of gonadotropin-releasing hormone-like peptides in the central nervous system and ovary of the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

Existence and distribution of gonadotropin-releasing hormone-like peptides in the central nervous system and ovary of the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

Molecular cloning, expression pattern, and immunocytochemical localization of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone-like molecule in the gastropod mollusk, Aplysia californica

The identification and distribution of gonadotropin-releasing hormone-like peptides in the central nervous system and ovary of the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii

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