Gondwana paleogeography from assembly to breakup—A 500 m.y. odyssey

Blakey, Ronald C.

doi:10.1130/2008.2441(01)

Cited by 197 publications

(204 citation statements)

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“…2B). Spreading of the South Atlantic Ocean sea floor started in the Early Cretaceous (135 Mya), but the final physical separation between Africa and South America took place approximately 105 Mya (42). Our estimates for timing of these divergences, 125-130 Mya and ∼120 Mya, respectively, are highly congruent with this rifting process.…”

Section: Neobatrachia Archaeobatrachiasupporting

confidence: 71%

“…The first of these was the split of neobatrachians from ancestral groups ( Fig. 2A), dated at 172-181 Mya, which agrees with the breakup of Pangaea into Laurasia and Gondwana in the Early Jurassic (∼180 Mya) (42). This breakup event, which isolated the MRCA of Neobatrachia in Gondwana, is associated with the initial diversification of the clade.…”

Section: Neobatrachia Archaeobatrachiasupporting

confidence: 48%

“…2). During this period, South America and Australia were distantly separated but connected intermittently via Antarctica (42). From the late Cretaceous to the early Tertiary, the Earth experienced a period of global warming (44).…”

Section: Neobatrachia Archaeobatrachiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogenomics reveals rapid, simultaneous diversification of three major clades of Gondwanan frogs at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary

Feng

Blackburn

Liang

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

317

362

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Frogs (Anura) are one of the most diverse groups of vertebrates and comprise nearly 90% of living amphibian species. Their worldwide distribution and diverse biology make them well-suited for assessing fundamental questions in evolution, ecology, and conservation. However, despite their scientific importance, the evolutionary history and tempo of frog diversification remain poorly understood. By using a molecular dataset of unprecedented size, including 88-kb characters from 95 nuclear genes of 156 frog species, in conjunction with 20 fossil-based calibrations, our analyses result in the most strongly supported phylogeny of all major frog lineages and provide a timescale of frog evolution that suggests much younger divergence times than suggested by earlier studies. Unexpectedly, our divergence-time analyses show that three species-rich clades (Hyloidea, Microhylidae, and Natatanura), which together comprise ∼88% of extant anuran species, simultaneously underwent rapid diversification at the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary (KPB). Moreover, anuran families and subfamilies containing arboreal species originated near or after the KPB. These results suggest that the K-Pg mass extinction may have triggered explosive radiations of frogs by creating new ecological opportunities. This phylogeny also reveals relationships such as Microhylidae being sister to all other ranoid frogs and African continental lineages of Natatanura forming a clade that is sister to a clade of Eurasian, Indian, Melanesian, and Malagasy lineages. Biogeographical analyses suggest that the ancestral area of modern frogs was Africa, and their current distribution is largely associated with the breakup of Pangaea and subsequent Gondwanan fragmentation. amphibia | Anura | nuclear genes | phylogeny | divergence time

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Section: Neobatrachia Archaeobatrachiasupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Neobatrachia Archaeobatrachiasupporting

confidence: 48%

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Phylogenomics reveals rapid, simultaneous diversification of three major clades of Gondwanan frogs at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary

Feng

Blackburn

Liang

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

317

362

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“…Ichthyosaur occurrence data in the palaeogeographical map (Text- fig. 46in Part 2) was derived from have been simplified from Blakey (2008Blakey ( , 2014.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ichthyosaurs of the British Middle and Upper Jurassic Part 1,Ophthalmosaurus

Moon¹,

Kirton

2016

Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society

336

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“…The depositional environment for each section has been indicated and biostratigraphic constraints drawn in accordance with the original data. B. Paleo reconstruction of the Late Devonian (Blakey, 2008) showing locations of the various δ 13 C records. C. Generalized lithologic-and isotopic trends across the F-F boundary for sections in Laurussia and Eastern Gondwana (modified from Joachimski and Buggisch, 1993).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%