Gone girl: Richardson's ground squirrel offspring and neighbours are resilient to female removal

Freeman, Angela R.; Wood, Thomas J.; Bairos‐Novak, Kevin R.; Anderson, W. Gary; Hare, James F.

doi:10.1098/rsos.190904

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 82 publications

(109 reference statements)

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“…Indeed, the lack of pup preferences for high contact and low contact parents indicates that pups do not discriminate between parents based on parental responsiveness and instead seek the parent that most satisfies their immediate developmental needs (Alberts 2008). Similar results have recently been reported in Richardson's ground squirrels; there is no effect of mother removal on offspring survival or offspring stress response, as long as the removal occurs after weaning (Freeman et al 2019). In these respects, pups only appear to demonstrate social preferences for mothers when mothers can contribute to or serve offspring survival needs.…”

Section: Does the Utilitarian Value Of Parents To Pups Drive Parental Preferences?supporting

confidence: 68%

Prairie vole offspring only prefer mothers over fathers when mothers are a unique resource, yet fathers are the primary source of variation in parental care

Finton

Ophir

2020

Behavioural Processes

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In biparental species, each parent represents a semi-independent source of variable caregiving. The nature of care may differ between parents, and the type of care offspring seek is likely to change across development. We asked if caregiving differed between prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) mothers and fathers, and which parent pups prefer over development. We categorized parents as high-or low-contact based on daily recordings of grooming and brooding behavior. Pups were tested for their preferences between parents on postnatal days 10, 14, 18, 22, and 26. We expected individual parents would vary in the amount of care they gave, with pups preferring the parent that gives the most care and/or that most meets their needs at each developmental timepoint. Mothers spent more time in contact with pups than fathers. Mothers were consistent in the amount of care they gave, whereas fathers were variable caregivers. Pups never preferred fathers over mothers, but only demonstrated a preference for mothers before weaning. Lastly, the amount of contact did not influence pup preferences. Our data indicate that mothers are consistent sources of caregiving relative to fathers, and pups show little evidence of attachment to a specific parent beyond meeting its own immediate needs.

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Section: Does the Utilitarian Value Of Parents To Pups Drive Parental Preferences?supporting

confidence: 68%

Prairie vole offspring only prefer mothers over fathers when mothers are a unique resource, yet fathers are the primary source of variation in parental care

Finton

Ophir

2020

Behavioural Processes

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“…Interestingly, investigations into the relationships between individual GC levels and the presence of kin in the social environment have led to mixed results in other social mammals. In closely related Richardson ground squirrels (Urocitellus richardsonii) for instance, the disappearance of mothers from the population had no impact on FCM levels of their offspring shortly after weaning, and removing related neighbors from adjacent territories did not appear to substantially affect the FCM levels of breeding females (Freeman et al 2019). In contrast, for cooperatively breeding meerkats (Suricata suricatta), when parents are the dominant breeding pair, subordinate individuals seem to benefit from living in social groups in the form of lower GC levels; in comparison with subordinate individuals that live in social groups with an unrelated dominant pair (Dantzer et al 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social stress in female Columbian ground squirrels: density-independent effects of kin contribute to variation in fecal glucocorticoid metabolites

Sosa

Dobson

Bordier

et al. 2020

Behav Ecol Sociobiol

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Social interactions among conspecifics can have marked effects on individual physiology, especially through its modulation of the stress axis by affecting the production of adrenal glucocorticoids (GCs). Previous research has focused on how individual GC levels may be influenced by social status, but few studies have considered how the balance between positive (e.g. cooperation) and negative (e.g. competition) social interactions shape individual GC levels. A lack of association between individual GC levels and social factors may be confounded by opposite effects of social competition on the one hand, and social cooperation on the other. We tested for these effects in the Columbian ground squirrel (Urocitellus columbianus), a colonial rodent. During the breeding season, females are exposed to territorial unrelated neighbors and to territorial, but more tolerant, close kin. On the one hand, territoriality and competition for resources led us to predict a positive association between local colony density and female GC levels. On the other hand, higher tolerance of philopatric kin females and known fitness benefits led us to predict a negative association between kin numbers and female GC levels. We compared levels of fecal cortisol metabolites (FCMs) in females at two different spatial scales during lactation: local (a female's core territory during lactation, 30m-radius about her nest burrow) and colony-wide. At the local scale, female FCM levels were neither related to colony density nor to the number of co-breeding female kin, but FCM levels increased with age. At the colony scale, female FCM levels varied in a quadratic fashion with female kin numbers. FCM levels decreased from 0 to 1 co-breeding kin present and increased with >1 kin present. Among females that had only one co-breeding kin present, daughters (and littermate sisters and mothers, but not significantly) led to a 14% reduction in FCM levels compared with females that had no kin. Our results reject the idea that local colony density is associated with increased GC levels this species, but indicate subtle (positive and negative) effects of kin on individual GC secretion. They further call into question the importance of the nature of social relationships in modulating the stress experienced by individuals.

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“…This “hospital at home” approach also enables patients to receive therapeutic interventions from hospital staff, nurses, and therapists while staying in their own homes, which is consistent with the findings of Cutleer et al and Yanos et al, who emphasized the importance of immediate circumstances in recovery ( 43 , 44 ). Furthermore, Freeman and colleagues have noted that living in an intimate social group has a positive impact on health ( 45 ). Second, we believe that reduced self-stigma and increased self-esteem resulting from living in a homestyle environment may also have contributed to the improved outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The efficacy of homestyle rehabilitation on negative symptoms in chronic schizophrenia: A randomized controlled trial

Chai

Liu

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

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ObjectiveSchizophrenia is a debilitating mental disorder with a high disability rate that is characterized by negative symptoms such as apathy, hyperactivity, and anhedonia that can make daily life challenging and impair social functioning. In this study, we aim to investigate the effectiveness of homestyle rehabilitation in mitigating these negative symptoms and associated factors.MethodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare the efficacy of hospital rehabilitation and homestyle rehabilitation for negative symptoms in 100 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. The participants were divided randomly into two groups, each persisting for 3 months. The primary outcome measures were the Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF). The secondary outcome measures included the Positive Symptom Assessment Scale (SAPS), Calgary Schizophrenia Depression Scale (CDSS), Simpson-Angus Scale (SAS), and Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS). The trial aimed to compare the effectiveness of the two rehabilitation methods.ResultsHomestyle rehabilitation for negative symptoms was found to be more effective than hospital rehabilitation, according to the changes in SANS (T = 2.07, p = 0.04). Further analysis using multiple regression indicated that improvements in depressive symptoms (T = 6.88, p < 0.001) and involuntary motor symptoms (T = 2.75, p = 0.007) were associated with a reduction in negative symptoms.ConclusionHomestyle rehabilitation may have greater potential than hospital rehabilitation in improving negative symptoms, making it an effective rehabilitation model. Further research is necessary to investigate factors such as depressive symptoms and involuntary motor symptoms, which may be associated with the improvement of negative symptoms. Additionally, more attention should be given to addressing secondary negative symptoms in rehabilitation interventions.

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Gone girl: Richardson's ground squirrel offspring and neighbours are resilient to female removal

Cited by 3 publications

References 82 publications

Prairie vole offspring only prefer mothers over fathers when mothers are a unique resource, yet fathers are the primary source of variation in parental care

Prairie vole offspring only prefer mothers over fathers when mothers are a unique resource, yet fathers are the primary source of variation in parental care

Social stress in female Columbian ground squirrels: density-independent effects of kin contribute to variation in fecal glucocorticoid metabolites

The efficacy of homestyle rehabilitation on negative symptoms in chronic schizophrenia: A randomized controlled trial

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