Gongronema latifolium Ethanol Crude Leaf Extract Ameliorates Organ Injuries Via Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Diabetic Mechanisms in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Abstract

The climbing shrub Gongronema latifolium has woody, hollow stems, and roots. It has a delicate stem and heart-shaped, broad, and oval leaves. Flowering Gongronema latifolium is a seasonal plant. It is frequently observed in Nigeria throughout the rainy season. Laxative usage is just one of the many medical uses for Gongronema latifolium. 3,4 It is a wonderful source of vitamins and minerals and has a high protein content of about 27.2%. 3,4 . Its ethanolic extract contained alkaloids, saponins, tannins, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, and polyphenols among other phytochemical components. 5 A metabolic ailment called diabetes mellitus is frequently linked to a high disease burden in underdeveloped nations like Nigeria .6,7 Due to the National Health Insurance Scheme's poor performance, the cost of diabetes care is relatively high. 8 Pain, swelling, heat, and loss of function are the hallmarks of the inflammatory response to injury. 9 In reaction to injury, endothelial cells create pro-inflammatory cytokines, which cause an increase in blood flow as well as fluid and protein movement. 10 Several physical, chemical, and vascular factors as well as the immune system in response to damage or infection induce inflammation. Chronic inflammation is sparked by resistance and is linked to problems from diabetes mellitus. 11 It has been suggested that this ongoing inflammatory response contributes to human cancer, as well as systemic diseases and organ damage.