Good practice in the conduct and reporting of survey research

Kelley, Kristen D.

doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzg031

Cited by 1,609 publications

(1,233 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…There was a median of one ICU (IQR, 1-3) present in the hospitals surveyed. There were a median of 13 ICU beds (IQR, [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Most ICUs were mixed medical-surgical units (67% overall), and 27% were medical ICUs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intensive Care Unit Structure Variation and Implications for Early Mobilization Practices. An International Survey

Bakhru¹,

et al. 2016

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Rationale: Early mobilization (EM) improves outcomes for mechanically ventilated patients. Variation in structure and organizational characteristics may affect implementation of EM practices.Objectives: We queried intensive care unit (ICU) environment and standardized ICU practices to evaluate organizational characteristics that enable EM practice. Methods:We recruited 151 ICUs in France, 150 in Germany, 150 in the United Kingdom, and 500 in the United States by telephone. Survey domains included respondent characteristics, hospital and ICU characteristics, and ICU practices and protocols. Measurements and Main Results:We surveyed 1,484 ICU leaders and received a 64% response rate (951 ICUs). Eighty-eight percent of respondents were in nursing leadership roles; the remainder were physiotherapists. Surveyed ICUs were predominantly mixed medicalsurgical units (67%), and 27% were medical ICUs. ICU staffing models differed significantly (P , 0.001 each) by country for high-intensity staffing, nurse/patient ratios, and dedicated physiotherapists. ICU practices differed by country, with EM practices present in 40% of French ICUs, 59% of German ICUs, 52% of U.K. ICUs, and 45% of U.S. ICUs. Formal written EM protocols were present in 24%, 30%, 20%, and 30%, respectively, of those countries' ICUs. In multivariate analysis, EM practice was associated with multidisciplinary rounds (odds ratio [OR], 1.77; P = 0.001), setting daily goals for patients (OR, 1.62; P = 0.02), presence of a dedicated physiotherapist (OR, 2.48; P , 0.001), and the ICU's being located in Germany (reference, United States; OR, 2.84; P , 0.001). EM practice was also associated with higher nurse staffing levels (1:1 nurse/patient ratio as a reference; 1:2 nurse/patient ratio OR, 0.59; P = 0.05; 1:3 nurse/patient ratio OR, 0.33; P = 0.005; 1:4 or less nurse/patient ratio OR, 0.37; P = 0.005). Those responding rarely cited ambulation of mechanically ventilated patients, use of a bedside cycle, or neuromuscular electrical stimulation as part of their EM practice. Physical therapy initiation, barriers to EM practice, and EM equipment were highly variable among respondents. Conclusions:International ICU structure and practice is quite heterogeneous, and several factors (multidisciplinary rounds, setting daily goals for patients, presence of a dedicated physiotherapist, country, and nurse/patient staffing ratio) are significantly associated with the practice of EM. Practice and barriers may be far different based upon staffing structure. To achieve successful implementation, whether through trials or quality improvement, ICU staffing and practice patterns must be taken into account.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In summary, the survey addressed the following domains (20,21): respondent characteristics, hospital and ICU characteristics, and ICU practices and protocols. Hospital characteristics included number of beds, academic affiliation, and the total number of ICUs.…”

Section: Survey Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intensive Care Unit Structure Variation and Implications for Early Mobilization Practices. An International Survey

Bakhru¹,

et al. 2016

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“…In order to facilitate the data processing we mainly used closed questions (Bryman, 2012;Creswell, 2009;Kelley et al, 2003) and measurement scales (Stevens, 1946). These scales have been constructed by using a Likert (1932) scale, and then by linking to each of the modes, through which an attitude can reveal, a numerical scale, and eliminating the intermediate mode to force the head teacher to take a position with respect to each item (Likert, 1932;Garland, 1991;Albaum, 1997;Allen & Seaman, 2007).…”

Section: Research Design and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Reporting in Italian Public Schools in Theory and Practice

Raucci¹,

Agostinone²,

Tarquinio³

2016

RES

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Some of the challenges that schools are currently facing include the stakeholders engagement, the necessity to open schools to the local territory and the need to be accountable for activities and results.The Italian reform of the school system has required schools to overcome their self-referentiality and to make themselves more accountable to stakeholders. The social reporting process can be considered as an effective response to enable schools to become accountable, triggering fruitful stakeholder engagement processes and, at the same time, implementing a management tool. This is an exploratory research paper. It aims to describe, through a questionnaire, the awareness and dissemination degree of social reporting in Public schools located in Southern Italy given the particularities of this area. Frequency percentage and descriptive statistical methods are used to interpret findings. Results show that, although social reporting is well known in theory, it is still under-used by schools in practice.

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“…Descriptive research is a type of enquiry that aims to describe important factors associated with a situation, such as events, behaviours, attitudes, experiences, and knowledge (Kelley, Clark, Brown & Sitzia, 2003;Hale, 2011). Hale (2011) says with the descriptive design, one can choose from three main types of descriptive methods: observational methods, case-study methods and survey methods.…”

Section: Objectives Of Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Impression Management Tactics Employed by Primary school Heads to Influence Management and Leadership Decisions in Schools: A Survey of Two Districts in Zimbabwe

Shoko¹,

Dzimiri²

2018

ASSRJ

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Of late, there has been increased research interest in impression management tactics in employment interviews. This study took a detour and investigated impression management tactics used by primary school heads to influence management and leadership decisions in their schools. Underpinned by a mixed methods paradigm, a descriptive survey research design was used wherein fifty selected school heads from two districts in Zimbabwe participated in the study. The school heads responded to a questionnaire and interviews. Data revealed that school heads used self promotion, Association, ingratiation, exemplification, supplication, and intimidation tactics in rank order respectively, to build impressions around their leadership capabilities. A major conclusion was that, these impression management tactics are used differently in different organisation types. It was recommended that the study of impression management in educational leadership and management, which is currently receiving peripheral attention, should be foregrounded to enhance the practice of leadership and management in education.

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Good practice in the conduct and reporting of survey research

Cited by 1,609 publications

References 9 publications

Intensive Care Unit Structure Variation and Implications for Early Mobilization Practices. An International Survey

Intensive Care Unit Structure Variation and Implications for Early Mobilization Practices. An International Survey

Social Reporting in Italian Public Schools in Theory and Practice

Impression Management Tactics Employed by Primary school Heads to Influence Management and Leadership Decisions in Schools: A Survey of Two Districts in Zimbabwe

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