Gordon Willard Allport: The Nature of Prejudice, Addison-Wesley: Reading, MA 1954, 537 S. (dt. Die Natur des Vorurteils, Kiepenheuer &amp; Witsch: Köln 1971, 531 S.)

Pettigrew, T. J.; Hammann, Kerstin

doi:10.1007/978-3-658-13213-2_43

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…As noted above, several papers provided only brief information on the nature of the interventions, so that our ability to isolate key characteristics of inputs that are necessary or sufficient to achieve functions is limited. Nevertheless, the findings that are available tend to support earlier work 91 that has characterised the nature of 'meaningful encounters'.…”

Section: Achieving Functions: What Inputs Are Important?supporting

confidence: 66%

“…A final related body of work seeks to understand patterns of interaction across ethnocultural difference, and how more positive social interactions, and reduced prejudice, can be achieved. Early psychological contributions to this area were framed in terms of 'contact theory', 91 whereas more recent work has examined the nature of, and opportunities for, 'meaningful encounters' that can have a transformatory effect on attitudes and behaviours. 92,93 The importance of bringing this work into view for the present project was supported by our CP members, who underscored the relevance of both positive interethnic ties and negative interactions across ethnic difference, for sense of belonging among migrant and ethnic minority people.…”

Section: Intercultural Encountersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This distinctive function is further described in terms of providing an opportunity to share stories and experiences (listen and be heard), demonstrate competence and value, engage in purposeful activity and engage in enjoyable social activity. The articulation of this function is informed by contact theory 91 and more recent empirical literature on meaningful encounters. 93,130 The importance of creating encounters to which individuals that are routinely reminded of their deficit status can contribute, and in which their cultural heritage and knowledge is valued, was emphasised in the logic of several initiatives.…”

Section: Intercultural Encountersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reducing loneliness among migrant and ethnic minority people: a participatory evidence synthesis

et al. 2020

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Background To date, there has been little research into the causes of, and solutions to, loneliness among migrant and ethnic minority people. Objectives The objectives were to synthesise available evidence and produce new insights relating to initiatives that aim to address loneliness among these populations, plus the logic, functioning and effects of such initiatives. Data sources Electronic database searches (MEDLINE, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts and Social Science Citation Index via Web of Science – no date restrictions were applied), grey literature searches, and citation and reference searching were conducted. Data were generated via nine workshops with three consultation panels involving 34 public contributors, and one practitioner workshop involving 50 participants. Review methods Guided by ‘systems thinking’, a theory-driven synthesis was combined with an effectiveness review to integrate evidence on the nature and causes of loneliness, interventional types and programme theory, and intervention implementation and effectiveness. Results The theory review indicated that common conceptualisations of ‘loneliness’ can be usefully extended to recognise four proximate determinants when focusing on migrant and ethnic minority populations: positive social ties and interactions, negative social ties and interactions, self-worth, and appraisal of existing ties. A total of 170 interventions were included. A typology of eight interventions was developed. Detailed logic models were developed for three common types of intervention: befriending, shared-identity social support groups and intercultural encounters. The models for the first two types were generally well supported by empirical data; the third was more tentative. Evaluation of intervention processes and outcomes was limited by study content and quality. Evidence from 19 qualitative and six quantitative studies suggested that social support groups have a positive impact on dimensions of loneliness for participants. Evidence from nine qualitative and three quantitative studies suggested that befriending can have positive impacts on loneliness. However, inconsistent achievements of the befriending model meant that some initiatives were ineffective. Few studies on intercultural encounters reported relevant outcomes, although four provided some qualitative evidence and three provided quantitative evidence of improvement. Looking across intervention types, evidence suggests that initiatives targeting the proximate determinants – particularly boosting self-worth – are more effective than those that do not. No evidence was available on the long-term effects of any initiatives. UK intervention (n = 41) and non-intervention (n = 65) studies, together with consultation panel workshop data, contributed to a narrative synthesis of system processes. Interlocking factors operating at individual, family, community, organisational and wider societal levels increase risk of loneliness, and undermine access to, and the impact of, interventions. Racism operates in various ways throughout the system to increase risk of loneliness. Limitations There was a lack of high-quality quantitative studies, and there were no studies with longer-term follow-up. UK evidence was very limited. Studies addressing upstream determinants operating at the community and societal levels did not link through to individual outcome measures. Some elements of the search approach may mean that relevant literature was overlooked. Conclusions Theory regarding the causes of loneliness, and functioning of interventions, among migrant and ethnic minority populations was usefully developed. Evidence of positive impact on loneliness was strongest for shared-identity social support groups. Quantitative evidence was inadequate. The UK evidence base was extremely limited. Future work UK research in this area is desperately needed. Co-production of interventional approaches with migrant and ethnic minority people and evaluation of existing community-based initiatives are priorities. Study registration This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42017077378. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research Public Health Research programme and will be published in full in Public Health Research; Vol. 8, No. 10. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

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Section: Achieving Functions: What Inputs Are Important?supporting

confidence: 66%