Gosha-jinki-Gan (GJG) shows anti-aging effects through suppression of TNF-α production by Chikusetsusaponin V

Abstract

Frailty develops due to multiple factors, such as sarcopenia, chronic pain, and dementia. Go-sha-jinki-Gan (GJG) is a traditional Japanese herbal medicine used for age-related symptoms. We have reported that GJG improved sarcopenia, chronic pain, and central nervous system function through suppression of TNF-α production. In the present study, GJG was found to reduce the production of TNF-α in the soleus muscle of senescence-accelerated mice at 12 weeks and 36 weeks. GJG did not change the differentiation of C2C12 cells with 2% horse serum. GJG signi cantly decreased the expression of MAFbx induced by TNF-α in C2C12 cells on real-time PCR. TNF-α signi cantly decreased the expression of PGC-1α and negated the enhancing effect of GJG for the expression of PGC-1α on digital PCR. Examining 20 chemical compounds derived from GJG, cinnamaldehyde from cinnamon bark and Chikusetsusaponin V (CsV) from Achyrantes Root dose-dependently decreased the production of TNF-in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS. CsV inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in RAW264.7 cells. CsV showed low permeability using Caco-2 cells. However, the plasma concentration of CsV was detected from 30 minutes to 6 h and peaked at 1 h in the CD1 (ICR) mice after a single dose of GJG. In 8-week-old SAMP8 mice fed 4% (w/w) GJG from one week to four weeks, the plasma CsV concentration ranged from 0.0500 to 10.0 ng/mL. The evidence that CsV plays an important role in various anti-aging effects of GJG via suppression of TNF-expression is presented.

Cinnamaldehyde Ameliorates Dextran Sulfate Sodium‐Induced Colitis in Mice by Modulating TLR4/NF‐κB Signaling Pathway and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation

“…K. et al found that CIN could reduce LPS-stimulated TNF-α production in RAW264.7 cells. [27] Qu, S. et al also confirmed that CIN decreased the level of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in the activation of RAW264.7 cells, human macrophage-like cells U937, and primary peritoneal macrophages. [9] Toll-like receptors (TLR) play a key role in initiating congenital and inflammatory responses by detecting and scavenging pathogens or endogenous molecules.…”

“…This result is in line with existing studies, for example, Hagihara. K. et al found that CIN could reduce LPS‐stimulated TNF‐α production in RAW264.7 cells [27] . Qu, S. et al also confirmed that CIN decreased the level of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6 in the activation of RAW264.7 cells, human macrophage‐like cells U937, and primary peritoneal macrophages [9] …”

Effect of the Japanese herbal drug rikkunshito for the treatment of malnutrition in patients with chronic heart failure

“…Second, because follow‐up echocardiography was not available in a sufficient number of cases due to the retrospective nature of this study, we did not check the change in cardiac function, such as LVEF. Third, we could not compare the utility between RKT and other Kampo medicines, such as goshajinkigan, which has been shown to have an anabolic effect in several experimental studies [32,33]. However, considering the cardioprotective effect of ghrelin [14], we believe that RKT might have an advantage over goshajinkigan for the treatment of malnutrition in patients with HF.…”