Gossypol, a Cause of Discoloration in Egg Yolks

Schaible, P. J.; Moore, L.A.; Moore, J. M.

doi:10.1126/science.79.2051.372

Cited by 42 publications

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“…They were examined fresh (within 2 d of being laid), and following warm storage at 22°C for up to 4 weeks and cold-storage at 5°C for 3, 4-5 and 6 months. A method of ammonia treatment of eggs to accelerate the brown yolk discolouration was used to predict the storage effects in eggs (Schaible et al, 1934): fresh egg contents (unbroken yolks) were placed in petri dishes and exposed to 25 ml of a 350 g/1 ammonia solution in 4-4 1 dessicators for 30 min. Yolks of fresh and stored eggs were separated manually from their albumen, using glass beakers, and the pH of each was measured using a pH meter (Kane May 7002).…”

Section: Egg Discolouration Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Egg discolouration effects of including screw‐press cottonseed meal in laying hen diets and their prevention

Panigrahi

Hammonds

1990

British Poultry Science

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The egg discolouration effects of including a screw-press cottonseed meal (CSM), containing 68.2 g residual lipid/kg, 290 mg cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPFA)/kg and 1226 mg free gossypol/kg, in laying hen diets at 300 g/kg were examined. 2. Discolouration prevention methods included treating the meal with ferrous sulphate heptahydrate (FSH), in solution or as crystals, at a 4:1 weight ratio of iron to free gossypol (experiment 1), and reducing its residual lipid (CSL) content to 4.2 g/kg by hexane extraction (experiment 2). 3. In freshly laid eggs, no discolouration was observed when hens were fed a CSM-based diet containing 250 mg free gossypol/kg and 87 mg CPFA/kg in experiment 1, but slightly brown yolks were produced in experiment 2. 4. Storage of the eggs at 22°C led to yolk mottling, an effect believed to be the initial stages of the brown yolk discolouration. 5. Storage of the eggs at 5°C resulted in enhancement of the brown yolk discolouration, apricot discolouration on surfaces of most yolks and pink albumen discolouration. These effects were prevented when the CSM was extracted with hexane. Apricot yolk and pink albumen discolourations were also produced when hens were fed a non-CSM diet containing crude CSL at 20.5 g/kg. 6. Dietary CSL increased egg fat saturation, altering the ratios of stearic to oleic, palmitic to palmitoleic and heptadecanoic to heptadecenoic fatty acids. 7. Treatment of CSM with FSH reduced the slight brown yolk discolouration in fresh eggs (experiment 2) and the yolk mottling in warm-stored eggs. Both in solution and as crystals, FSH prevented the enhancement of brown yolk discolouration in cold-stored eggs, leaving most eggs with apricot yolk and pink albumen discolourations. 8. Treatment of CSM and CSL with FSH reduced the CPFA-related 107 Downloaded by [UQ Library] at 19:24 03 February 2015 108 S . PANIGRAHI AND T. W. HAMMONDS effects on yolk fat saturation, and the colour and pH changes in coldstored eggs. 9. Exposure of yolks to ammonia vapour provided a useful test to predict the development of the gossypol-related brown discolouration in stored eggs.

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Section: Egg Discolouration Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Egg discolouration effects of including screw‐press cottonseed meal in laying hen diets and their prevention

Panigrahi

Hammonds

1990

British Poultry Science

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“…One of these, gossypol, appears to act mainly on the yolk of the stored egg producing the dark olive-green discoloration as reported by Schaible, Moore, and Moore (1933). The other compound, of unknown composition, is present mainly in the petroleum ether extracted oil.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

The Effect of Cottonseed Oil on the Hatchability of Eggs

1941

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S TUDIES by various investigators have weeks prior to starting the experimental shown that cottonseed meal may re-rations. The birds were confined throughplace part of the animal protein in rations out the experiment and fed all-mash rations for laying hens, but few results of its effect with oyster shells ad libitum. The various upon hatchability of eggs are available, oils, oil fractions, or other additions to the Ahrens (1917) found that eggs produced ration were made weekly. The stock supply on a ration containing 6 percent cottonseed of these materials was stored at 30°F. A meal hatched as well as, or better than, eggs fresh supply of crude cottonseed oil was produced on a ration containing meal scrap, obtained from the press at the beginning but on a ration containing 20 percent cot-of each experiment. Additions to the control tonseed meal hatchability was reduced, ration replaced a like quantity of the ra-Berry (1930) found that a ration contain-tion. When cottonseed meal was used it ing 15 percent cottonseed meal gave a 30 replaced all of the meat scraps in the ration, percent reduction in hatchability as com-Mineral supplements were used with the pared with a tankage ration. In this experi-cottonseed meal to provide similar amounts ment the hens were on alfalfa range. Kemp-of calcium and phosphorus as in the control ster (1930) reported that hatchability of ration. The small amount of mineral supeggs may be affected by the use of cotton-plements replaced a like quantity of ground seed meal in the laying ration. Morgan yellow corn. (1931) reported very unsatisfactory hatch-The control ration used was as follows: ability of eggs from hens fed on rations in Ingredients Percent ia , , . , " . ., .. 7^ ", " 7T~Z results were determined by deducting the •Technical Contribution No. 76. South Caro-J a Una Agricultural Experiment Station. Published number of dead embryos from the total by permission of the director. number of fertile eggs set. Classification [57] at

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“…This was assessed visually as fresh or following time exposure ro ammonia. In the ammonia test the egg yolks were subjected to household ammonia fumes, air saturated at room temperature and examined after 24 h for appearance of a characteristic brown to black color (Schaible et al 1934;Swenson et al 1942 (1973,1983 For personal use only. were most dramatic for birds fed diets containing 15 and2l% ground cottonseed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Long-Term Effects of Feeding Ground and Whole Cottonseed to Laying Hens

Fitzsimmons¹,

Newcombe²,

Moul³

1989

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Frrzsrlruor.qs, , R. C., Nnwcovsn, M. a.No Moul, I. E. 1989. The long-term effects of feeding ground and whole cottonseed to laying hens. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 69: 425-429.Laying hens were fed diets containing0,2.5,5, 10, 15 and 20% whole or ground cottonseed. Birds fed the 15 and 20% ground cottonseed diets rapidly reduced voluntary feed intake and, as a result, suffered a loss in both body weight and egg production. The severity of the dietary effects of cottonseed on productivity and mottled yolks was positively correlated with the level of cottonseed and gossypol in the diet. Egg yolk discoloration was assessed both visually on fresh yolks and using a time exposure to ammonia fumes. Discoloration was easier to detect using the ammonia test. In all cases, egg yolk discoloration was no longer apparent after a maximum of 42 d of feeding a commercial diet.

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Gossypol, a Cause of Discoloration in Egg Yolks

Cited by 42 publications

References 0 publications

Egg discolouration effects of including screw‐press cottonseed meal in laying hen diets and their prevention

Egg discolouration effects of including screw‐press cottonseed meal in laying hen diets and their prevention

The Effect of Cottonseed Oil on the Hatchability of Eggs

The Long-Term Effects of Feeding Ground and Whole Cottonseed to Laying Hens

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