Gossypol and gossypurpurin in cottonseed of different varieties of G. barbadense and G. hirsutum, and variation of the pigments during storage of the seed

Boatner, Charlotte H.; Castillon, Leah E.; Hall, Catherine M.; Neely, J. Winston

doi:10.1007/bf02634832

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The amount of gossypol content in CSM is dependent on environmental factors (Cheery et al. 1978) and species of cotton (Boatner et al. 1949).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of dietary graded levels of cottonseed meal and gossypol on growth performance, body composition and health aspects of allogynogenetic silver crucian carp, Carassius auratus gibelio♀ × Cyprinus carpio♂

Cai

et al. 2010

Aquaculture Nutrition

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A 6‐month trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary cottonseed meal (CSM) and free gossypol (FG) on allogynogenetic silver crucian carp, Carassius auratus gibelio♀ × Cyprinus carpio♂ with 4 replicates of each treatment. Isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated with the 0 g kg−1 (control), 200 g kg−1, 400 g kg−1, and 560 g kg−1 CSM. Diets with FG were made by supplementing batches of control diet with 214 mg kg−1, 428 mg kg−1, and 642 mg kg−1. Weight gain, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio increased significantly up to an inclusion level of CSM of 400 g kg−1 in the diet, with a significant decrease in food conversion ratio. Further increase in CSM to 560 g kg−1 did not cause further changes in fish performance. Free gossypol did not affect fish performance significantly at any inclusion level. Neither CSM nor FG caused significant effects in any of the other evaluated parameters such as whole body composition, haemoglobin concentration, activities of serum lysozyme, superoxide dismutase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, and histology of hepatic tissues and midgut. Our results suggested that crucian carp can tolerate at least 642 mg kg−1 FG and that it is safe to including 400 g kg−1 CSM in crucian carp feed.

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“…The amount of gossypol content in CSM is dependent on environmental factors (Cheery et al. 1978) and species of cotton (Boatner et al. 1949).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A possible cause of different responses between experiments even within fish species upon feeding with CSM may be related to breed and production season of the CSM. The amount of gossypol content in CSM is dependent on environmental factors (Cheery et al 1978) and species of cotton (Boatner et al 1949). As Cheng & Hardy (2002) have pointed out, e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary graded levels of cottonseed meal and gossypol on growth performance, body composition and health aspects of allogynogenetic silver crucian carp, Carassius auratus gibelio♀ × Cyprinus carpio♂

Cai

et al. 2010

Aquaculture Nutrition

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“…Gossypol is a naturally occurring yellow pigment in the cotton plant, and the free form of the pigment is toxic to animals. Cottonseed contains free gossypol, and the amount of gossypol in cottonseed varies according to the cotton species and certain environmental factors (Boatner et al. 1949; Cherry et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histologic changes in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque, fed diets containing graded levels of gossypol-acetic acid

Evans

Pasnik

Yildirim‐Aksoy

et al. 2009

Aquaculture Nutrition

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A study was performed to evaluate the histologic changes among fingerling channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque, fed purified diets containing gossypol from gossypol–acetic acid. The catfish were maintained on diets with 0, 300, 600, 900, 1200 or 1500 mg gossypol kg−1 diet for 12 weeks, and histologic samples from the stomach, proximal and distal intestines, pancreas, liver, and spleen were obtained from fish in all groups. Stomach sections exhibited significant gastric gland necrosis in fish fed 600 mg gossypol kg−1 diet or higher. Non‐existent‐to‐mild enterocyte vacuolization loss, inflammatory cell infiltration, and hyperplastic lamina propria were noted in the intestinal sections from gossypol‐fed fish, but no significant differences in severity scores were noted. The pancreas from fish fed doses of gossypol above 600 mg gossypol kg−1 diet exhibited significant mild‐to‐severe necrosis, and livers from fish fed 900 and 1500 mg gossypol kg−1 diet exhibited significantly higher pigment deposition. No other significant histologic differences were observed in the fish fed diets containing gossypol–acetic acid. The data in this study indicates that at least 600–900 mg gossypol kg−1 purified diet can cause statistically significant histologic changes in fingerling channel catfish, suggesting that gossypol should remain at concentrations below 600 mg gossypol kg−1 diet.

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“…The concentration of gossypol, a naturally occurring polyphenolic pigment, in cottonseed is affected by environmental factors (Cherry et al. 1978) and species of cotton (Boatner et al. 1949).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of natural free gossypol and gossypol-acetic acid on growth performance and resistance of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) to Edwardsiella ictaluri challenge

et al. 2004

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A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of free gossypol from glanded-cottonseed meal (G-CSM) (natural free gossypol) or gossypol-acetic acid on growth performance, body composition, haematology, immune response and resistance of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) to Edwardsiella ictaluri challenge. Soya bean meal-based diets supplemented with 0, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg kg )1 free gossypol from G-CSM or gossypol-acetic acid were fed to juvenile channel catfish in triplicate aquaria to apparent satiation twice daily for 12 weeks. Neither sources nor levels of dietary gossypol significantly influenced the final weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency and survival of channel catfish. Similarly, wholebody proximate composition, haematological parameters (red blood cell, white blood cell counts, haemoglobin and haematocrit), serum protein concentration, macrophage chemotaxis ratio, phagocytic activity and antibody production against E. ictaluri 21-day postinfection were not significantly affected at either dietary sources or levels of gossypol. Gossypol concentrations of liver were linearly related to dietary level of gossypol but the retention rate varied dependent on sources of the dietary gossypol. At dietary gossypol levels of 400 or 800 mg kg )1 , total gossypol concentrations in liver of fish fed dietary gossypol from G-CSM were significantly higher than those of fish fed the corresponding levels of gossypol from gossypol-acetic acid. The (+)-isomer of gossypol was predominantly retained in liver regardless of dietary sources of gossypol. The ratio of (+) to ()) gossypol isomers in liver decreased with increasing dietary concentrations of gossypol. Serum lysozyme activity of fish fed dietary gossypol levels of 200 mg kg )1 or higher, either from G-CSM or gossypol-acetic acid, was significantly higher than that of the control. At a level of 800 mg kg )1 diet, gossypol from G-CSM stimulated significantly higher lysozyme activity than gossypol from gossypol-acetic acid. Fish fed diets containing 400 mg kg )1 gossypol or higher from G-CSM or 800 mg kg )1 gossypol from gossypol-acetic acid had significantly increased superoxide anion (O À 2 ) production. However, neither the sources nor the levels of dietary free gossypol influenced the resistance of juvenile channel catfish to E. ictaluri challenge. KEY WORDS

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Gossypol and gossypurpurin in cottonseed of different varieties of G. barbadense and G. hirsutum, and variation of the pigments during storage of the seed

Cited by 22 publications

References 12 publications

Effect of dietary graded levels of cottonseed meal and gossypol on growth performance, body composition and health aspects of allogynogenetic silver crucian carp, Carassius auratus gibelio♀ × Cyprinus carpio♂

Effect of dietary graded levels of cottonseed meal and gossypol on growth performance, body composition and health aspects of allogynogenetic silver crucian carp, Carassius auratus gibelio♀ × Cyprinus carpio♂

Histologic changes in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque, fed diets containing graded levels of gossypol-acetic acid

Effect of natural free gossypol and gossypol-acetic acid on growth performance and resistance of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) to Edwardsiella ictaluri challenge

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