Gout, Hyperuricaemia and Crystal-Associated Disease Network (G-CAN) common language definition of gout

Murdoch, Rachel; Barry, Michael J.; Choi, Hyon K.; Hernandez, Daniel; Johnsen, Brianne; Labrador, M.; Reid, Susan W.; Singh, Jasvinder A.; Terkeltaub, Robert; Mellado, Janitzia Vázquez; Dalbeth, Nicola

doi:10.1136/rmdopen-2021-001623

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…We also found that people born after 2000 were more likely to develop gout than those born after 1900, suggesting that awareness of health care resources and education for gout are insufficient [ 7 ]. It is possible that patients who experience gout flares may be ashamed of admitting their lifestyles, including the excessive intake of purine-rich foods and alcohol, and this may be combined with low health literacy, because of which they do not receive sufficient information on gout [ 30 ]. Most patients with gout visit inpatient clinics only for relief of gout flares, and it has been suggested that the weak relationship between the physician and the patient with gout is leading to treatment nonadherence [ 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global, Regional, and National Prevalence of Gout From 1990 to 2019: Age-Period-Cohort Analysis With Future Burden Prediction

He¹,

Mok²,

Sin³

et al. 2023

JMIR Public Health Surveill

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Background Gout is a common and debilitating condition that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in medical treatment, the global burden of gout continues to increase, particularly in high–sociodemographic index (SDI) regions. Objective To address the aforementioned issue, we used age-period-cohort (APC) modeling to analyze global trends in gout incidence and prevalence from 1990 to 2019. Methods Data were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 to assess all-age prevalence and age-standardized prevalence rates, as well as years lived with disability rates, for 204 countries and territories. APC effects were also examined in relation to gout prevalence. Future burden prediction was carried out using the Nordpred APC prediction of future incidence cases and the Bayesian APC model. Results The global gout incidence has increased by 63.44% over the past 2 decades, with a corresponding increase of 51.12% in global years lived with disability. The sex ratio remained consistent at 3:1 (male to female), but the global gout incidence increased in both sexes over time. Notably, the prevalence and incidence of gout were the highest in high-SDI regions (95% uncertainty interval 14.19-20.62), with a growth rate of 94.3%. Gout prevalence increases steadily with age, and the prevalence increases rapidly in high-SDI quantiles for the period effect. Finally, the cohort effect showed that gout prevalence increases steadily, with the risk of morbidity increasing in younger birth cohorts. The prediction model suggests that the gout incidence rate will continue to increase globally. Conclusions Our study provides important insights into the global burden of gout and highlights the need for effective management and prophylaxis of this condition. The APC model used in our analysis provides a novel approach to understanding the complex trends in gout prevalence and incidence, and our findings can inform the development of targeted interventions to address this growing health issue.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global, Regional, and National Prevalence of Gout From 1990 to 2019: Age-Period-Cohort Analysis With Future Burden Prediction

He¹,

Mok²,

Sin³

et al. 2023

JMIR Public Health Surveill

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show abstract

“…Although the mechanisms are poorly understood, increased incidence of gout in obesity is believed to be due to increased urate production and decreased renal urate excretion. 11 Increased insulin resistance in obesity contributes to hyperuricemia, which along with hypertension and hyperlipidemia, constitute metabolic syndrome. 12 Franklin was famous for enjoying a high purine diet, particularly red meats, especially the salted ones, veal, fishes, and hors d'oeuvres during his sea voyages and while he was in Europe.…”

Section: Excerpt From the "Poor Richard's Almanack 1734": Be Temperat...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“Dialogue Between Franklin and the Gout” Reexamined

Mikhael,

Siva

2023

Clin Med Res

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Benjamin Franklin, one of the founding fathers of the United States, was not just a politician and a political philosopher but an inventor with a scientific temperament. He was overweight and likely suffered from the consequences of metabolic syndrome including gout. He woke up with a gout attack on October 22, 1780 and wrote the "Dialogue Between Franklin and the Gout." His observations on the risk factors for gout are re-examined in the modern context 243 years later

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“…Hyperuricemia is characterized by a serum urate level of >6 mg/dL. Gout, which is a type of inflammatory arthritis, manifests as an inflammatory response within the joints due to hyperuricemia [1,2]. Hyperuricemia has been associated with various comorbidities, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiovascular (CV) disease, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Cardiovascular Risks of Febuxostat and Allopurinol in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease

Huang,

Chen,

Fang

et al. 2024

Med Sci Monit

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Background:Hyperuricemia, which is common in chronic kidney disease and diabetes mellitus patients, raises health concerns. Febuxostat, a first-line urate-lowering agent, prompts cardiovascular risk questions, especially in highrisk patients. This study compared the effects of febuxostat and allopurinol on cardiovascular risk in diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease patients. Material/Methods:This retrospective observational cohort study, conducted using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, focused on patients diagnosed with chronic kidney disease and diabetes between January 2012 and December 2017. The study population was divided into 2 groups: allopurinol users (n=12 901) and febuxostat users (n=2997). We performed 1: 1 propensity score matching, resulting in subgroups of 2997 patients each. The primary outcomes were assessed using a competing risk model, estimating hazard ratios (HR) for longterm outcomes, including the risks of all-cause hospitalization, hospitalization for heart failure, and hospitalization for cardiovascular interventions. Results:Febuxostat users, compared to allopurinol users, had higher all-cause hospitalization (HR: 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25 to 1.42; P<.001), hospitalization for heart failure (HR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.43 to 1.83; P<.001), and hospitalization for cardiovascular interventions (HR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.32 to 1.74; P<.001). Moreover, the adverse effects of febuxostat on cardiac health were consistent across most subgroups. Conclusions:Use of febuxostat in patients with diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease is associated with higher cardiovascular risks compared to allopurinol. Prudent evaluation is essential when recommending febuxostat for this at-risk group.

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Gout, Hyperuricaemia and Crystal-Associated Disease Network (G-CAN) common language definition of gout

Cited by 14 publications

References 97 publications

Global, Regional, and National Prevalence of Gout From 1990 to 2019: Age-Period-Cohort Analysis With Future Burden Prediction

Global, Regional, and National Prevalence of Gout From 1990 to 2019: Age-Period-Cohort Analysis With Future Burden Prediction

“Dialogue Between Franklin and the Gout” Reexamined

Comparative Cardiovascular Risks of Febuxostat and Allopurinol in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease

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