Governing HPV-related carcinoma using vaccines: Bottlenecks and breakthroughs

Abstract

Human papillomavirus (HPV) contributes to sexually transmitted infection, which is primarily associated with pre-cancerous and cancerous lesions in both men and women and is among the neglected cancerous infections in the world. At global level, two-, four-, and nine-valent pure L1 protein encompassed vaccines in targeting high-risk HPV strains using recombinant DNA technology are available. Therapeutic vaccines are produced by early and late oncoproteins that impart superior cell immunity to preventive vaccines that are under investigation. In the current review, we have not only discussed the clinical significance and importance of both preventive and therapeutic vaccines but also highlighted their dosage and mode of administration. This review is novel in its way and will pave the way for researchers to address the challenges posed by HPV-based vaccines at the present time.

Antimicrobial Proteins: Structure, Molecular Action, and Therapeutic Potential

“…AMPs with bacterial sources have been reported in several studies. For example, Bacillus strains have been shown to produce AMPs with promising inhibitory activity against Shigella , Salmonella , E. coli , and Staphylococcus aureus [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Furthermore, AMPs derived from Bacillus sp have been reported for their antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus , Alteromonas sp.…”

Screening for High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Reveals HPV52 and HPV58 among Pediatric and Adult Patient Saliva Samples

“…However, a more recent longitudinal analysis of additional samples collected over the past decade found that the high-risk oral HPV prevalence was actually increasing year over year, from an initial baseline of 5.7% in 2010 to 18.1% in 2020. As only one other study has screened for non-HPV16 and non-HPV18 strains in this pediatric patient population (covering HPV31, HPV33, and HPV35) and found that 21.9% harbored one or more of these strains, the data from this current study regarding HPV52 and HPV58 and their prevalence of 14.3% reveals even more patients who might benefit from the new nine-valent HPV vaccine, which includes these additional high-risk HPV strains [ 36 , 37 ].…”

“…Due to the paucity of information regarding HPV52 and HPV58 prevalence among any patient population, this study provides significant evidence that these high-risk strains are present among both pediatric and adult populations [ 32 , 33 ]. In addition, these data also demonstrated that the majority of samples with HPV were derived from patients within the recommended HPV vaccination range, providing significant information for health professionals and public health advocates on the urgent need to disseminate current knowledge about the benefits of the nine-valent HPV vaccine and the potential risks of avoidance for this low-cost and effective prevention method [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ].…”

Synergy of nanocarriers with CRISPR-Cas9 in an emerging technology platform for biomedical appliances: Current insights and perspectives

“…Cancer is the second largest cause of death in the world at this moment. Many chemotherapeutics has been evolved with time for the treatment of cancer however, owing to drug resistance of compounds by cells, the development of chemotherapeutics has come to a standstill [62] [159-163]. Thus, there is a need to develop therapeutic approaches to deal with it.…”