Governing Innovation for Sustainable Development in the Danish Biogas Sector – a Historical Overview and Analysis of Innovation

Lybæk, Rikke; Christensen, Thomas Budde; Kjær, Tyge

doi:10.1002/sd.1548

Cited by 35 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Biogas production has been developed in Denmark since the late 1970s [2], primarily based on manure and co-substrates from a large agricultural industry; and due to regulation biogas plants have primarily supplied heat and power locally.…”

Section: Biogas In Denmarkmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of CO2-costs on biogas usage

Jensen

Skovsgaard

2017

Energy

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The Danish government has set a target of being fossil fuel independent by 2050 implying that a high degree of inflexible renewable energy will be included in the energy system; biogas can add flexibility and potentially has a negative CO 2 -emission. In this paper, we investigate the socioeconomic system costs of reaching a Danish biogas target of 3.8 PJ in the energy system, and how CO 2 -costs affect the system costs and biogas usage.We perform our analysis using the energy systems model, Balmorel, and expand the model with a common target for raw biogas and upgraded biogas (biomethane). Raw biogas can be used directly in heat and power production, while biomethane has the same properties as natural gas.Balmorel is altered such that natural gas and biomethane can be used in the same technologies.Several CO 2 -cost estimates are investigated; hereunder a high estimate for the expected CO 2 -externality costs. We find that system costs increase with CO 2 -costs in most cases, while the biogas target becomes socio-economically cheaper. In the case of a very high CO 2 -cost, system costs decrease and biomethane becomes the primary fuel. Furthermore, biomethane functions as regulating power and the Danish fuel consumption increases due to a higher electricity export.

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Section: Biogas In Denmarkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biogas production have been developed in Denmark since the late 1970's with varying focus points [2]. Biogas is a renewable fuel that can be produced from a large variety of inputs such as manure, waste water and other wet substrates, which are expensive to use in other technologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of CO2-costs on biogas usage

Jensen

Skovsgaard

2017

Energy

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“…On the other hand, innovation research often criticizes such simple linear innovation and development models, where research should lead to inventions that later are supposed to be demonstrated, commercialized, and diffused (Freeman, 1996). Instead, a more dynamic model involving feedback loops and intervention of different actors is seen as more realistic (Lybaek et al, 2012). Possibly, there is already an ongoing evolution of existing biofuel production into biorefinery networks, where existing biofuel industries develop their operations towards increased valorisation, productification and diversification.…”

Section: Future Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Connectedness and its dynamics in the Swedish biofuels for transport industry

Ersson

Ammenberg

Eklund

2015

PIE

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Connectedness through cooperation with other sectors regarding feedstock, energy, products and by-products is important for environmental performance of industrial production. The aim of this study is to provide a better understanding of the level of connectedness in the Swedish biofuels for transport industry, involving producers of ethanol, biogas and biodiesel. In interviews, the CEOs of four important companies provided information about current strategies, historic and planned development. The production systems are dynamic and have changed significantly over time, including material and energy exchanges between traditionally separate industries. Interesting development was noted where revised business strategies have led to changed cooperation structures and thus altered material and energy flows. Fuel and raw material prices are very influential and all of the respondents said that political decisions to a large extent affect their competitiveness and emphasised the importance of clear long-term institutional conditions, ironically very much in contrast to the current situation within EU and Sweden.2

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“…However, the potential for biogas production and GHG reductions might not be realised although studies show that it exists and suggest how it could be realised. For example, Lybaek et al (2013) have shown how the dynamic and non-linear nature of the development process in this field means that basic biogas research does not automati-cally lead to technological innovation. This indicates that studying the production and use of biogas from more perspectives than purely technical ones is desirable.…”

Section: Biogasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sustainable development of energy and transport systems requires policy support (e.g., Jacobsson and Karltorp, 2013;Lybaek et al, 2013;Magnusson, 2012a;Nykvist and Nilsson, 2014), and at least gets policy attention. National and European policy often includes measures to achieve climate goals, such as reaching the 2°C target.…”

Section: Research Question IImentioning

confidence: 99%

Sociotechnical system studies of the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from energy and transport systems

Olsson¹

2015

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Sociotechnical system studies of the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from energy and transport systems Linda Olsson, 2015 Cover design: Per Lagman/LiU-Tryck Printed in Sweden by LiU-Tryck, Linköping, Sweden, 2015 ISBN: 978-91-7519-082-2 ISSN: 0345-7524 AbstractIt is agreed that greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from energy and transport systems must be reduced. Technical means exist to reduce GHG emissions from these sources. However, these emission-reduction measures are not implemented to a high enough degree. In this thesis, it is assumed that this is because the reduction of GHG emissions from energy and transport systems is a wicked problem. Unlike a tame problem, which has an unambiguous definition and a finite number of welldefined solutions, a wicked problem is difficult to define, and its solutions are often intertwined with the problem. The "wickedness" of a wicked problem lies in the extreme difficulty of solving the problem, rather than in the problem itself.In this thesis, the wicked problem of reducing GHG emissions from energy and transport systems is studied by applying a sociotechnical systems approach to the introduction of renewable vehicle fuels, the production and use of biogas, the introduction of electric vehicles, and the sustainability of district heating. In addition, this thesis discusses how energy issues are approached in different contexts, and what implications different actions can have on GHG emissions.The analysis shows that a sociotechnical approach to energy systems analysis can offer insights with regard to how system boundaries are handled within GHGemission assessments and energy and transport policy. By problematising the use of system boundaries in GHG-emission assessments, this thesis explains how attempts to reduce GHG emissions could add to the wicked problem of GHG-emission reductions from energy and transport systems. GHG-emission assessments can give very different results depending on system boundaries. While these results can be used in attempts to solve this wicked problem, they can also contribute to complicating it. As solutions to wicked problems are mainly found in policy, the use of system boundaries in policy is studied. Results show that narrow system boundaries in energy and transport policy can hamper sustainable development of energy and transport systems. The use of wider system boundaries could facilitate approaches to solve the wicked problem of reducing GHG emissions from energy and transport systems by making the consequences and effects of policy actions more clearly visible.i ii SammanfattningDet är välkänt att energi-och transportsystemens utsläpp av växthusgaser måste minska. Tekniska förutsättningar för att minska utsläppen av växthusgaser från användning av energi och transporter existerar. Ändå genomförs inte åtgärder för att minska utsläpp av växthusgaser i tillräcklig utsträckning. I föreliggande avhandling antas detta bero på att minskandet av utsläpp av växthusgaser från energi-och transportsystem är ett 'wicked problem'. ...

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Governing Innovation for Sustainable Development in the Danish Biogas Sector – a Historical Overview and Analysis of Innovation

Cited by 35 publications

References 13 publications

The impact of CO2-costs on biogas usage

The impact of CO2-costs on biogas usage

Connectedness and its dynamics in the Swedish biofuels for transport industry

Sociotechnical system studies of the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from energy and transport systems

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