“…Unlike these studies, the number of studies examining the crowding-out effect of public investments on the private sector is substantial (Argimon et al, 1997;Cil-Yavuz, 2001;Uysal & Mucuk, 2004;Bilgili, 2003;Altunc & Senturk, 2010;Cural et al, 2012;Mahmoudzadeh et al, 2013;Yarasır-Tulumce & Buyrukoglu, 2013;Kesbic et al, 2016;Andrade & Duarte, 2016). However, studies examining the crowdingout effect of the public sector's debt structure on the private sector are relatively new and limited (Demir, 2017;Caskurlu, 2020;Ela & Pata, 2020;Kulu et al, 2021;Penzin & Oladipo, 2021;Vanlear et al, 2021). In short, various econometric methods, data sets, and samples are preferred in empirical studies.…”