Government policies endanger the indigenous peoples of the Brazilian Amazon

Conceição, Katyanne Viana da; Chaves, Michel Eustáquio Dantas; Picoli, Michelle Cristina Araújo; Sánchez, Alber; Soares, Anderson R.; Mataveli, Guilherme Augusto Verola; Silva, Daniel E.; Costa, Joelma S.; Câmara, Gilberto

doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105663

Cited by 37 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Adding to these environmental concerns is the growing threat to Indigenous communities posed by a lawless advancing frontier that is invading public lands, fueled in part by rhetorical encouragement from the current Brazilian federal government [14,15]. Deforestation within and around Indigenous lands and other protected areas has increased in recent years as part of the strategy of invaders to force lawmakers and the courts to reduce or completely degazette and transfer those lands to the private domain [16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Amazonia: The EU–Mercosur Trade Agreement and Deforestation

Arima

Barreto

Taheripour

et al. 2021

Land

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The trade agreement between the European Union and the Mercosur countries will increase deforestation in the Mercosur countries and Brazil, in particular, if ratified by member countries. We use a computable general equilibrium model to analyze how trade, land use, and agricultural production will change as a result of the agreement. We then use a statistical model to spatially allocate the predicted deforestation within the Brazilian Amazon. The models estimate that the agreement will cause additional deforestation in Brazil ranging from 56 to 173 thousand ha to accommodate increases in cropland area, depending on the level of governance, use of double-cropping techniques, and trade elasticity parameters. Most additional deforestation in Amazonia would be clustered near current deforestation hotspot areas. Some hotspots threaten the integrity of Indigenous lands and conservation units. Although a low deforestation scenario with gains in welfare is theoretically possible when high governance and multiple-cropping systems are in place, political challenges remain and cast doubt on Brazil’s ability to rein on illegal deforestation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Amazonia: The EU–Mercosur Trade Agreement and Deforestation

Arima

Barreto

Taheripour

et al. 2021

Land

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“…For IL, smaller areas in counties with high population density and surrounded by lands with high levels of deforestation experienced the highest deforestation levels. For IL, this is may be due to in uences of other not traditional communities affecting the behavior of IL populations (Schneider et al, 2021) or for direct interventions of not traditional communities (Conceição et al, 2021). While we examined anthropogenic and landscape factors affecting forest loss individually, these likely also interact and perhaps produce more signi cant impacts than what we observed under the NVPL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…This may be due to increased illegal invasions by loggers, miners and land-grabbers (Conceição et al, 2021;Fragoso & Reo, 2013;Overman et al, 2018Overman et al, , 2019.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Law but not order: Effectiveness of Brazil’s Native Vegetation Protection Law in preventing forest loss in human occupied areas of the Amazon

Arévalo-Sandi

Bobrowiec

Fragoso

et al. 2022

Preprint

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With continued forest loss in tropical regions, it is important to understand whether and how public policies influence deforestation rates. One potentially important policy is Brazil’s “Native Vegetation Protection Law” (NVPL), passed in 2012 and popularly known as the New Forest Code. The goal of the law is to prevent forest loss; however, its success at maintaining forest is unclear. We analyze the effectiveness of the law in the state of Amazonas, Brazil by measuring forest loss in 2009 and 2012, pre implementation of the new vegetation protection law (NVPL) and comparing this to loss that occurred in 2015 and 2018, post-NVPL, in Settlement Projects (SP) affected by NVPL and Indigenous Lands (IL) and State/National Forests which were not under the mandate of the NVPL. We used these last two categories as Control Areas. Forest loss was greatest in SP during both time periods relative to two other categories considered. Implementation of the NVPL did not reduce overall deforestation in SPs. However, it did keep deforestation within the 20% limit set by NVPL in 31 of 35 SPs surveyed. In addition, forest cover decreased in only a few SPs. The variable with the strongest influence on deforestation within SP and IL was intensity of human land use in surrounding areas. We also found that IL and CU categories play an important role in maintaining overall forest cover.

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“…The average of the annual deforestation rates within Indigenous lands in the last three years (2019-2021) is ~81% above the decadal average rate [2]. In addition to deforestation, illegal mining is a growing threat within Indigenous lands [6][7][8][9]. As can be seen in Figure 1, deforestation within the Indigenous lands of the Brazilian Amazon in the past three years has been occurring with particular intensity in the eastern region, in the so-called "Arc of Deforestation".…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this risks ignoring the pressures and land conversion dynamics building in neighboring areas, which are increasingly spilling into these Protected Areas, threatening residents and reducing the integrity and ecological functioning of the protected forest. The weakening of environmental law enforcement is coincident with the observed increase in LULC changes and deforestation in Indigenous lands [9]. Indigenous and traditional peoples are the "soul" of the Amazon, and everything should be done to protect them and their territories.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%