Government revenue, quality of governance and child and maternal survival

Hall, Stephen G.; Lopez, Marisol; Murray, Stuart; O’Hare, Bernadette Ann-Marie

doi:10.1080/13504851.2021.1963408

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In another study, it's mentioned that the quality of governance is even more critical in determining a good outcome for both mother and child. 28 This evidence was coherent to our finding that showed the strong negative association between governance and mortality rate among newborns (-0.92) and children under-five (-0.89). In our study results, Myanmar, Lao, Timor-Leste, and Cambodia were the four countries with the lowest government effectiveness, and also the countries with the highest children's mortality rates in the Southeast Asia region during the 2015 to 2019 period.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Association of women’s literacy and children’s mortality rate among countries in southeast Asia 2015-2019: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2022

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Background: Women’s literacy is often associated with the health status of family members, especially children. Unfortunately, in some regions of Southeast Asia, the rates of women’s literacy are still very low, and in these areas, children’s mortality rates are also very high. This study aims to identify the association of women's literacy and children’s mortality rates among countries in the Southeast Asian region from 2015 to 2019. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, children’s mortality rates were defined as mortality rates in newborns and under-fives. Besides women’s literacy (WL), we also assessed the Human Development Index (HDI), Freedom Status (FS), Government Effectiveness (GE), and the proportion of births assisted by skilled health staff (BASHS) as the independent variables in this study. First, we describe the profiles of WL as well as newborn and under-five mortality rates among 11 countries in Southeast Asia from 2015 to 2019, and then we assess the correlations. Results: Between 2015 to 2019, Myanmar, Lao, and Timor-Leste had the highest child mortality rates. In addition, these four countries were the countries with the lowest WL rates compared to other countries. Children’s mortality rates were significantly associated with WL, GE, HDI, and BASHS. Meanwhile, this study found that the FS of a country was not significantly associated with the children’s mortality rate of countries in the Southeast Asia region. Conclusion: This study found that there’s an indication that the better the WL rate, as well as the governance, the HDI, and maternity services in a country, the lower its children’s mortality rates. Therefore, improvement in multiple sectors such as governance, economy, health system, education, and gender equality is required to help countries in this region achieve the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals target by 2030.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Association of women’s literacy and children’s mortality rate among countries in southeast Asia 2015-2019: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2022

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“…Well-governed countries are more likely to encourage business sector development and investment, enjoy economic growth [23,24], and have robust institutions and political stability [25,26]. Thus, the impact of any additional government revenue is significantly amplified in well-governed countries, especially when revenue is scarce [27]. Indeed, there is a two-way relationship between government revenue and governance, which drives a virtuous circle and improves the generation of further revenue and the allocation and efficient use of additional resources [15].…”

Section: Government Revenue Child Rights Governance and The Sustainab...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Financing child rights in Malawi

Etter-Phoya,

Manthalu,

Kalizinje

et al. 2023

BMC Public Health

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Background Nearly all countries have ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and, therefore, support children having access to their rights. However, only a small minority of children worldwide have access to their environmental, economic, and social rights. The most recent global effort to address these deficits came in 2015, when the United Nations General Assembly agreed to a plan for a fairer and more sustainable future by 2030 and outlined the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). One remediable cause is the lack of revenue in many countries, which affects all SDGs. However, illicit financial flows from low-income to high-income countries, including international tax abuse, continue unabated. Methods Using the most recent estimates of tax abuse perpetuated by multinational companies and tax evasion through offshore wealth, and precise econometric modelling, we illustrate the potential regarding child rights (or progress towards the SDGs) if there was an increase in revenue equivalent to tax abuse in Malawi, a low-income country particularly vulnerable to climate change. The Government Revenue and Development Estimations model provides realistic estimates of government revenue changes in developmental outcomes. Using panel data on government revenue per capita, it models the impact of increased revenue on governance and SDG progress. Results If cross-border tax abuse and tax evasion were curtailed, the equivalent increase in government revenue in one country, Malawi, would be associated with 12,000 and 20,000 people having access to basic water and sanitation respectively each year. Each year, an additional 5000 children would attend school, 150 additional children would survive, and 10 mothers would survive childbirth. Conclusions More children would access their economic and social rights if actions were taken to close the gap in global governance regarding taxation. We discuss the responsibility of duty bearers, the need for a global body to arbitrate and monitor international tax matters, and how the Government of Malawi could take further domestic action to mitigate the gaps in global governance and protect itself against illicit financial flows, including tax abuse.

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“…Any additional corporate tax could play a critical role in lower-income countries as the relationship between government revenue per capita and progress toward the SDGs is highly non-linear, and small increases can have large effects, when government revenue per capita is small [34,35]. In addition, an empirical study by Gaspar et al identified a tax to Gross domestic product (GDP) tipping point.…”

Section: The Role Of Corporate Taxes In Sdg Progressmentioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of corporate tax to the Sustainable Development Goals in Sub-Saharan Africa employing econometric modelling: a case study of Vodafone

Hannah

O’Hare

Lopez

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background:We are not on track to reach many of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets for 2030. The under-5 mortality and maternal mortality rates are well below the target, and if progress continues in the same way it has in recent years, we will not meet our goal by 2030. The decline in child and maternal mortality since 1990 has mainly resulted from increased coverage of sanitation, drinking water, education, and health services. When governments have more income, they spend more on public services, which increases access to fundamental economic and social rights and, thus, contributes towards the SDGs. Taxation constitutes 70% of government revenue in low-income countries, and corporate income tax contributes much more than high-income countries. Therefore, corporate taxation plays a vital role in SDG progress.This paper aims to demonstrate the contribution of one large taxpayer that publishes their tax payments (Vodafone Group Plc) on the progress towards SDGs 3, 4, and 6 in six African countries. We use econometric modelling to estimate the impact of an increase in government revenue equivalent to Vodafone's average tax paid between 2007-2017. Results:We find it results in almost 400,000 people accessing clean water, nearly 700,000 accessing basic sanitation, 15,175 children spending an extra year in school. As a result, over ten years, an additional 9,165 children under five years and 1,325 mothers would survive. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that the contributions from a single multinational corporation can drive progress towards the SDGs. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of paying fair tax and explores the responsibilities of global institutions, governments, investors, and multinational corporations.

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Government revenue, quality of governance and child and maternal survival

Cited by 9 publications

References 12 publications

Association of women’s literacy and children’s mortality rate among countries in southeast Asia 2015-2019: a cross-sectional study

Association of women’s literacy and children’s mortality rate among countries in southeast Asia 2015-2019: a cross-sectional study

Financing child rights in Malawi

The contribution of corporate tax to the Sustainable Development Goals in Sub-Saharan Africa employing econometric modelling: a case study of Vodafone

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