GPS geodetic constraints on Caribbean‐North America Plate Motion

DeMets, Charles; Jansma, P. E.; Mattioli, G. S.; Dixon, Timothy H.; Farina, Fred; Bilham, Roger; Calais, E.; Mann, Paul

doi:10.1029/1999gl005436

Cited by 309 publications

(257 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The new data on the Cocos-Caribbean Plate interaction predict convergence directions along the Middle American trench that are $108 counter-clockwise from trench-normal (DeMets et al 2000). The existence of arc-normal extension in the Middle American Arc is recorded by GPS measurements which suggest an extension rate of $3 mm/year based on the average velocities between GPS data from the forearc and behind the arc (Turner et al 2007;Morgan et al 2008).…”

Section: Nicaragua Subduction Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

The tectonic regime along the Andes: Present‐day and Mesozoic regimes

Ramos¹

2009

Geological Journal

230

139

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The analyses of the main parameters controlling the present Chile-type and Marianas-type tectonic settings developed along the eastern Pacific region show four different tectonic regimes: (1) a nearly neutral regime in the Oregon subduction zone; (2) major extensional regimes as the Nicaragua subduction zone developed in continental crust; (3) a Marianas setting in the Sandwich subduction zone with ocean floored back-arc basin with a unique west-dipping subduction zone and (4) the classic and dominant Chile-type under compression. The magmatic, structural and sedimentary behaviours of these four settings are discussed to understand the past tectonic regimes in the Mesozoic Andes based on their present geological and tectonic characteristics. The evaluation of the different parameters that governed the past and present tectonic regimes indicates that absolute motion of the upper plate relative to the hotspot frame and the consequent trench roll-back velocity are the first order parameters that control the deformation. Locally, the influences of the trench fill, linked to the dominant climate in the forearc, and the age of the subducted oceanic crust, have secondary roles. Ridge collisions of seismic and seismic oceanic ridges as well as fracture zone collisions have also a local outcome, and may produce an increase in coupling that reinforces compressional deformation. Local strain variations in the past and present Andes are not related with changes in the relative convergence rate, which is less important than the absolute motion relative to the Pacific hotspot frame, or changes in the thermal state of the upper plate. Changes in the slab dip, mainly those linked to steepening subduction zones, produce significant variations in the thermal state, that are important to generate extreme deformation in the foreland.

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Section: Nicaragua Subduction Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

The tectonic regime along the Andes: Present‐day and Mesozoic regimes

Ramos¹

2009

Geological Journal

230

139

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“…Montserrat lies in the northern part of the Lesser Antilles island arc chain (Wadge 1984;DeMets et al, 2000) (Figure 1). The major components of deep water sediment in this region are volcaniclastic silt and clay, redeposited shallow-water carbonate detritus, pelagic carbonate, and windblown dust from Africa (Reid et al, 1996).…”

Section: Montserrat: the Natural Laboratorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of volcanic records from marine sediment cores: A review and case study (Montserrat, West Indies)

Cassidy

Watt

Palmer

et al. 2014

Earth-Science Reviews

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Detailed knowledge of the past history of an active volcano is crucial for the prediction of the timing, frequency and style of future eruptions, and for the identification of potentially at-risk areas. Subaerial volcanic stratigraphies are often incomplete, due to a lack of exposure, or burial and erosion from subsequent eruptions. However, many volcanic eruptions produce widelydispersed explosive products that are frequently deposited as tephra layers in the sea. Cores of marine sediment therefore have the potential to provide more complete volcanic stratigraphies, at least for explosive eruptions. Nevertheless, problems such as bioturbation and dispersal by currents affect the preservation and subsequent detection of marine tephra deposits.Consequently, cryptotephras, in which tephra grains are not sufficiently concentrated to form layers that are visible to the naked eye, may be the only record of many explosive eruptions.Additionally, thin, reworked deposits of volcanic clasts transported by floods and landslides, or during pyroclastic density currents may be incorrectly interpreted as tephra fallout layers, leading to the construction of inaccurate records of volcanism. This work uses samples from the volcanic island of Montserrat as a case study to test different techniques for generating volcanic eruption records from marine sediment cores, with a particular relevance to cores sampled in relatively proximal settings (i.e. tens of kilometres from the volcanic source) where volcaniclastic material may form a pervasive component of the sedimentary sequence. Visible volcaniclastic deposits identified by sedimentological logging were used to test the effectiveness of potential alternative volcaniclastic-deposit detection techniques, including point counting of grain types (component analysis), glass or mineral chemistry, colour spectrophotometry, grain size measurements, XRF core scanning, magnetic susceptibility and X-radiography. This study demonstrates that a set of time-efficient, non-destructive and high-spatial-resolution analyses (e.g. XRF core-scanning and magnetic susceptibility) can be used effectively to detect potential cryptotephra horizons in marine sediment cores. Once these horizons have been sampled, microscope image analysis of volcaniclastic grains can be used successfully to discriminate between tephra fallout deposits and other volcaniclastic deposits, by using specific criteria Page | 3 related to clast morphology and sorting. Standard practice should be employed when analysing marine sediment cores to accurately identify both visible tephra and cryptotephra deposits, and to distinguish fallout deposits from other volcaniclastic deposits.

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“…La convergencia de las placas caribeña y norteamericana es oblicua de unos 20 mm/año (DeMets et al, 2000), con un contexto general transpresivo, habiendo zonas de subducción al norte y sur de la isla, mientras que en su interior predominan los desgarres transpresivos (Mann et al, 1984;Manaker et al, 2008). En la actualidad dos de las zonas de falla transpresiva tienen una importante actividad tectónica, la Falla de Enriquillo que ha causado el reciente terremoto de Haití (12/01/2010) y la Zona de Falla Septentrional, cuya traza superficial pasa a escasos kilómetros de la ciudad de Santiago de los Caballeros.…”

Section: Contexto Geodinámicounclassified

“…El estudio del peligro sísmico se puede abordar (DeMets et al, 2000) is partitioned between subduction zones of the northern and south-eastern coasts of Hispaniola and strike-slip faults that transect the northern and southern portions of the island. The SFZ in the north of the island with ESE-WNW direction, accommodates part of this relative displacement (about 8 ± 5 mm/yr, Manaker et al, 2008), that can therefore generate significant seismic hazard in the Santiago region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geology applied to the study of seismic microzoning of Santiago de los Caballeros, Dominican Republic

Llorente¹,

Belvaux²,

Bernárdez³

et al. 2017

Bol. geol. min.

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After the Haiti quake of 2010 an initiative started to better understand shaking effects in the Dominican Republic after natural earthquakes, in particular in the city of Santiago de los Caballeros, the second city in the country as far as inhabitants and economic wealth are concerned. Santiago has suffered several devastating earthquakes; in 1562 the city was rebuilt on a new site (the current location) further south from the responsible fault. It is well known that damage caused by an earthquake occurs associated to a number of factors, ground acceleration is one of them and is usually considered as the key to explain most of the damage. Ground acceleration varies from one point to another depending mainly on: distance to the source of the rupture, soil properties and topography. Regarding the distance, the further from the source the less acceleration is expected due to distance attenuation. On the other hand, different soil properties and different topographies will produce different responses to the propagating wave. Within the range of a few kilometres, the effect of distance attenuation might be far less relevant than the effect of the varying properties of soils. This paper gathers together results obtained from the seismic hazard and microzonation studies developed in the city of Santiago: i) quantification of regional seismic hazard dominated by the Septentrional fault, ii) a new geological mapping of superficial formations, and iii) mapping of zones of homogeneous seismic response and liquefaction susceptibility.

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GPS geodetic constraints on Caribbean‐North America Plate Motion

Cited by 309 publications

References 21 publications

The tectonic regime along the Andes: Present‐day and Mesozoic regimes

The tectonic regime along the Andes: Present‐day and Mesozoic regimes

Construction of volcanic records from marine sediment cores: A review and case study (Montserrat, West Indies)

Geology applied to the study of seismic microzoning of Santiago de los Caballeros, Dominican Republic

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