Graceful Degradation Properties of Matched N-Port Power Amplifier Combiners

Ernst, R.; Camisa, R.L.; Presser, A.

doi:10.1109/mwsym.1977.1124396

Cited by 33 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…In the first and second sequences, one, two, three, four, and five amplifiers are turned off successively in an ordered manner and they are represented by (9,5,1,3,7) and (5,4,6,3,7), respectively. In the third sequence, two and four amplifiers are turned off successively and are represented by (1,9,2,8). The ideal degradation characteristic of an N-way power-combined amplifier with N amplifiers being reasonably matched and having adequate isolation is given by [2] out 2 out,max…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the third sequence, two and four amplifiers are turned off successively and are represented by (1,9,2,8). The ideal degradation characteristic of an N-way power-combined amplifier with N amplifiers being reasonably matched and having adequate isolation is given by [2] out 2 out,max…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, development of microwave power-dividing/combining techniques [1] of solid-state devices to achieve low loss and high combining efficiency is desirable. Besides the higher power generation, the graceful degradation performance of the associated solid-state devices is also an important issue in developing the power-dividing/combining techniques [2]. Specifically, as one or more of active solid-state devices fail, the power-combined amplifier should still be operable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experiments of device failures in a planar nine-way metamaterial power-combined amplifier

Lee

Chu

2014

2014 XXXIth URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium (URSI GASS)

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The degradation characteristic of a planar nine-way metamaterial power-combined amplifier with device failures is investigated in this paper. The power-divider/combiner design is based on the metamaterial lens structure and is composed of positive refractive index material and zero refractive index (ZRI) material. Nine 1-W power amplifiers are inserted in the ZRI material to attain a nine-way power-combined amplifier. Due to its uniform isolation characteristics of the metamaterial power divider/combiner, the graceful degradation performance of this power-combined amplifier is shown to be independent of the amplifier failure sequence and is experimentally demonstrated.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experiments of device failures in a planar nine-way metamaterial power-combined amplifier

Lee

Chu

2014

2014 XXXIth URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium (URSI GASS)

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“…Graceful degradation with respect to component failure is analyzed when all networks are perfectly matched . Previous research indicates that the combined output power is decreased by 6 dB rather than 3 dB of the ideal power drop, while a half of the amplifiers fail completely.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most have shown typical degradation characteristics instead of the ideal power drop. A couple of techniques have been introduced to improve degradation behavior . However, both methods suffer from practical difficulties, as they replace failed amplifiers with equal phase through and adding subnetworks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Switchable power combining circuit for improved graceful‐degradation performance

Lee

Hong

et al. 2015

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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A four‐way switchable power combiner/divider is proposed in this letter. The structure is based on a substrate integrated circular cavity, and control of the number of coupling probes is possible for graceful degradation. The proposed structure forms a switchable power combining circuit with amplifiers at 2.13 GHz. In addition, the proposed scheme provides improved graceful‐degradation performance under the condition of amplifier's failure. The graceful‐degradation characteristics of gain and output power are experimentally demonstrated as one or more amplifiers are switched off. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1213–1216, 2015

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Power Combining

general

2009

High Efficiency RF and Microwave Solid State Power Amplifiers

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Power amplifiers are employed in a variety of system applications, where the required power levels are largely different, varying from mW to kW [1,2]. Consequently, a wide variety of PA realizations results, from travelling-wave tube amplifiers in very high power systems [3,4], in satellite payloads or radars, to solid-state amplifiers for medium-low power systems [5,6], such as wireless communication handsets. The request for high output power levels is influencing device technologies adopted for PA module realization [7,8]. Prior to the development of solid state devices, microwave power amplification and generation were mainly based on the use of vacuum tubes [9, 10], including magnetron, klystron and travelling-wave implementations (TWTAs) [4,11]. These devices still remain in use at kilowatt levels, where solid-state devices cannot compete so far.Nevertheless, the development of high power microwave solid-state device technologies (GaAs HEMT or HBT, GaN HEMT, etc.) may offer an order-of-magnitude improvement in reliability and reduction in size, weight, and low-voltage power-supply requirements as compared to vacuum devices. However, the output power attainable from a single solid-state device is basically limited by thermal and impedance matching problems. To meet system requirements it is therefore mandatory to combine several devices, thus attaining higher power levels. Many power splitting/combining schemes have been investigated and developed, involving different technologies and propagation media, ranging from metal waveguides (cavities, microstrips, striplines, etc.) where the power is confined into a limited region, to open space configurations [12][13][14].Devices involved in power splitting/combining operations are referred to as power splitters/ combiners and they play a key role in the design of high power PA, while being also fundamental components in designing mixers [15], multipliers and oscillators [16,17], or other linear and nonlinear circuits [18]. Moreover, since the proposed schemes can often be adopted for both the tasks of power division and combination, the terms power combining and power splitting are usually adopted simultaneously or interchangeably. Due to their intrinsic reciprocal characteristic in fact, the same device can alternatively be viewed as a power combiner or as a power splitter, depending on the selection of its input and output ports.The key features of power splitting/combining devices are clearly their insertion loss (related to the efficiency), bandwidth and size. The techniques adopted for the optimization of device performance are strictly related to the type of splitting/combining structure and to the selected realization technology. High Efficiency RF and Microwave Solid State Power Amplifiers

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Graceful Degradation Properties of Matched N-Port Power Amplifier Combiners

Cited by 33 publications

References 1 publication

Experiments of device failures in a planar nine-way metamaterial power-combined amplifier

Experiments of device failures in a planar nine-way metamaterial power-combined amplifier

Switchable power combining circuit for improved graceful‐degradation performance

Power Combining

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