Gracilaria fisheri oligosaccharides ameliorate inflammation and colonic epithelial barrier dysfunction in mice with acetic acid-induced colitis

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the effect of Gracilaria fisheri oligosaccharides (GFO) on inflammation and colonic epithelial barrier dysfunction in colitis mice. Methods: The animals were treated by oral gavage with distilled water, 1 000 mg/kg inulin, 100, 500, or 1 000 mg/kg GFO for 14 d, or treated with 50 mg/kg mesalamine for 5 d after colitis induction (on day 10). Histopathology, inflammatory cytokines, colonic permeability, and tight junction proteins were investigated by hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemical staining, Ussing chamber technique, and Western blotting assays, respectively. Results: GFO ameliorated histological damage in colitis mice when compared to untreated colitis mice. Treatments with 100, 500, and 1 000 mg/kg GFO reduced TNF-α expression, while IL-1β was significantly reduced in colitis mice treated with 500 and 1 000 mg/kg. Compared to untreated colitis mice, GFO increased transepithelial electrical resistance, reduced fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran paracellular flux, and modulated tight junction proteins (occludin and claudin 2) in colitis mice. Conclusions: GFO has anti-inflammatory activity and could modulate colonic epithelial barrier dysfunction in acetic acid-induced colitis mice. Furthermore, GFO could modulate the expression of tight junction proteins that play important roles in colonic barrier function.

Toxicological evaluation of Sargassum plagiophyllum extract in male mice

“…Since shortened colon length is a well-known marker of colitis [19,20], the normal length and histology of the colon seen in this study confirm that Sargassum extract did not cause colon inflammation. Furthermore, the extract did not cause constipation, but in contrast, it increased gut motility and number of goblet cells [5].…”

A novel model of adenine-induced chronic kidney disease-associated gastrointestinal dysfunction in mice: The gut-kidney axis

“…Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was measured when a current of 3 µA was passed. TEER was calculated according to Ohm’s law ( Siringoringo et al 2021 ).…”

Evaluating the Prebiotic Properties of Agar Oligosaccharides Obtained from the Red Alga Gracilaria fisheri via Enzymatic Hydrolysis

“…The results showed that when APSs were hydrolyzed with β-agarase, the mixture of AOSs was smaller than that of the APSs by half (50.62%), as AOSs with Mn were 1345 Da and Mw were 1756 Da, followed by 49.38% of AOSs with Mn and Mw were 2.215 × 10 4 Da and 2.715 × 10 4 Da, respectively. Siringoringo et al [33] reported that the molecular weight of AOSs (DP1-DP9) from G. fisheri was in the range of 540-1800 Da. In further studies, the activity of several enzymes could be investigated by studying the hydrolytic efficiency of β-agarase together with α-agarase, since these two enzymes exhibit different specificities to glycosidic linkages.…”