Gracilimonas tropica gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a Synechococcus culture

Abstract

An irregular, long, rod-shaped marine bacterium, designated CL-CB462T , was isolated from a Synechococcus culture, which was established from surface water from the tropical Pacific Ocean. The physiological and biochemical features, fatty acid profile and phylogenetic position based on 16S rRNA gene sequences were investigated for the novel strain. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the closest relatives of strain CL-CB462 T wereBalneola vulgaris and Balneola alkaliphila. Strain CL-CB462 T formed a robust clade with members of the genus Balneola in all phylogenetic trees constructed by three different methods. However, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity was very low (91.3-91.5 % similarity) and phenotypic and physiological features could clearly differentiate strain CL-CB462 T from the genus Balneola. Cells of the novel strain were non-motile and spore-forming. The strain was able to grow at 1-20 % (w/v) (optimum of 3-6 %) sea salt concentration, at temperatures of 20-40 6C and between pH 6 and 10. The fatty acids were dominated by 15 : 0 iso (41.2 %) and 17 : 1v9c iso (21.4 %). The DNA G+C content was 42.7 mol%. Based on polyphasic evidence, strain CL-CB462 T was considered to represent a new genus. The name Gracilimonas tropica gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed for the type strain of the type species (CL-CB462 T 5KCCM 90063T 5DSM 19535 T ).

Genome-Based Taxonomic Classification of Bacteroidetes

“… All data are from the original descriptions (Alfredsson et al, 1988; Antón et al, 2002; Choi et al, 2009; Vaisman and Oren, 2009; Marteinsson et al, 2010; Park et al, 2011, 2013; Urios et al, 2006, 2008; Makhdoumi-Kakhki et al, 2012; Wang et al, 2012, 2013a,b; Cho et al, 2013) except for the polar lipids of Salinibacter ruber (Corcelli et al, 2004) and Salisaeta longa (Baronio et al, 2010). Question marks indicate missing information.…”

Phototrophic biofilm assembly in microbial-mat-derived unicyanobacterial consortia: model systems for the study of autotroph-heterotroph interactions

“…The majority of the heterotrophic consorts are representatives of OTUs abundant within the Hot Lake mat community (Lindemann et al, 2013) and all are assigned to taxa frequently found in hypersaline cyanobacterial mats (e.g., Halomonas, Marinobacter , and Rhodobacteraceae ; Jonkers and Abed, 2003). Phylogenetic near neighbors of these members have been frequently observed as epibionts of Trichodesmium consortia in the open ocean (Hmelo et al, 2012), cyanobacterial aggregates from the Baltic Sea (Tuomainen et al, 2006), and isolates from cyanobacterial cultures (Choi et al, 2009; Hube et al, 2009; Shi et al, 2009). Furthermore, our consortia contain multiple members of the Roseobacter clade of Alphaproteobacteria , which are known to be frequent members of phototrophic mats and consorts of marine photoautotrophs (Buchan et al, 2005; Brinkhoff et al, 2008; Mayali et al, 2008; Wagner-Döbler et al, 2009).…”

Aliifodinibius halophilus sp. nov., a moderately halophilic member of the genus Aliifodinibius, and proposal of Balneolaceae fam. nov.

“…In this study, a novel moderately halophilic bacterium with characteristics similar to members of the genus Aliifodinibius is reported. This research also led to the proposal of a novel family Balneolaceae, encompassing four genera, namely Fodinibius, Aliifodinibius, Gracilimonas (Choi et al, 2009) and Balneola (Urios et al, 2006). During a study into the diversity of halophilic bacteria in marine solar saltern environments, a novel facultatively anaerobic, red, non-motile, Gram-stain-negative bacterial strain, designated 2W32 T , was isolated at 37 C on modified marine agar 2216 (MA) (consisting of distilled water with the following additions (all g l Province, China.…”

“…Searches via the BLAST program revealed that the novel isolate had the highest similarity to A. sediminis DSM 21194 T (94.6 %) (Wang et al, 2013a), followed by Aliifodinibius roseus KCTC 23442 T (94.4 %) (Wang et al, 2013a), F. salinus DSM 21935 T (93.6 %) (Wang et al, 2012), Gracilimonas tropica CL-CB462 T (88.6 %) (Choi et al, 2009), Gracilimonas rosea CL-KR2 T (88.5 %) (Cho et al, 2013), Gracilimonas mengyeensis YIM J14 T (87.5 %) (Wang et al, 2013b), Balneola vulgaris 13IX/A01/164 T (86.4 %) (Urios et al, 2006) and Balneola alkaliphila CM41_14b T (86.3 %) (Urios et al, 2008). Except for the above-mentioned strains, published sequences from other strains showed less than 83.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with strain 2W32 T .…”