GRADE system in systematic reviews of prevalence or incidence studies evaluating sport-related injuries: why is GRADE important?

Martínez-Calderon, Javier; García-Muñoz, Cristina

doi:10.1136/bjsports-2023-107788

Br J Sports Med

2024

DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-107788

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GRADE system in systematic reviews of prevalence or incidence studies evaluating sport-related injuries: why is GRADE important?

Javier Martínez-Calderon,

Cristina García-Muñoz

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Injury risk factors and their priority for mitigation in women’s netball: a systematic review and Delphi consensus

Whitehead,

Mackay,

Jones

et al. 2025

Br J Sports Med

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This study aimed to establish consensus on injury risk factors in netball via a combined systematic review and Delphi method approach. A systematic search of databases (PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus and CINAHL) was conducted from inception until June 2023. Twenty-four risk factors were extracted from 17 studies and combined with a three-round Delphi approach to achieve consensus. In round one, experts listed perceived risk factors for injury in netball which were combined with the risk factors identified via the systematic review. In round two and round three, experts rated their level of agreement with each risk factor on a 5-point Likert scale (1, strongly disagree to 5, strongly agree). Consensus was defined as ≥80% agreement (with<10% in disagreement). In round three, experts also rated the priority for mitigating the risk factor (1, very low to 5, very high). Nineteen experts participated in round one and round two, and 16 participated in round three (response rate 84%). One-hundred and nine risk factors for injury were identified by the systematic review and experts combined. Sixty-one risk factors reached consensus, categorised into five groups: ‘individual characteristics’ (n=22), ‘lifestyle’ (n=11), ‘training and competition’ (n=14), ‘sport science and medical provision’ (n=6) and ‘facilities and equipment’ (n=8). ‘Poor landing technique/mechanics’ had a median (IQR) mitigation priority rating of 5 (1), while all others had median ratings of 3–4.5. This study identifies a range of risk factors for injury, provides focus areas for injury prevention and highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to injury mitigation in netball.

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Injury risk factors and their priority for mitigation in women’s netball: a systematic review and Delphi consensus

Whitehead,

Mackay,

Jones

et al. 2025

Br J Sports Med

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Concussion Incidence by Type of Sport: Differences by Sex, Age Groups, Type of Session, and Level of Play An Overview of Systematic Reviews With Meta-analysis

Matias-Soto,

Infante-Cano,

García-Muñoz

et al. 2024

Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy

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OBJECTIVE: To (i) summarize pooled prevalence and incidence rates of concussion by type of sport and (ii) synthesize the differences in prevalence or incidence rates of concussion by type of sports in terms of sex, age, type of session, and level of competition. DESIGN: An overview of systematic reviews with meta-analysis. LITERATURE SEARCH: CINAHL, Embase, Epistemonikos, PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA: Systematic reviews with meta-analyses reporting pooled incidence or prevalence of sport-related concussion. DATA SYNTHESIS: AMSTAR-2 was used to assess the methodological quality of reviews. Overlap between reviews was calculated. RESULTS: Ten systematic reviews with meta-analysis were included, all evaluating incidence rates of concussion. There were no meta-analyses of concussion prevalence. Concussions seem to have a higher incidence in rugby, snowboarding, ice hockey, and American football. In reviews that explored sex-based differences across subgroups, there was a higher incidence rate of concussion in baseball-softball, basketball, and soccer in females compared to males. There were no age subgroups analyzed. The incidence of concussions was higher during games compared to practice in American football, ice hockey, rugby, and soccer. Amateur rugby had higher concussion rates compared to professional rugby. CONCLUSIONS: Rugby, snowboarding, ice hockey, and American football had the highest incidence rate of concussion when no other differences (e.g., type of session) were considered. However, important methodological flaws were detected, such as the lack of use of the GRADE system and subgroups for specific factors (e.g., age groups).

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GRADE system in systematic reviews of prevalence or incidence studies evaluating sport-related injuries: why is GRADE important?

Cited by 2 publications

References 9 publications

Injury risk factors and their priority for mitigation in women’s netball: a systematic review and Delphi consensus

Injury risk factors and their priority for mitigation in women’s netball: a systematic review and Delphi consensus

Concussion Incidence by Type of Sport: Differences by Sex, Age Groups, Type of Session, and Level of Play An Overview of Systematic Reviews With Meta-analysis

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