Gradient‐Direction‐Pattern Transform for Automated Measurement of Oil Drops in Images of Multiphase Dispersions

Rojas-Domínguez, Alfonso; Holguín-Salas, Alehlí; Galindo, Enrique; Corkidi, Gabriel

doi:10.1002/ceat.201400208

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The approaches described here are very comparable to the work of Rojas‐Domínguez et al They proposed to transform the denominated gradient‐direction‐pattern (GDP). The GDP is as the described pattern matching algorithm right now only implemented to find circular patterns.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 56%

Cross Linking Between the Baffling Effect and Phase Inversion During Liquid–Liquid Monomer Mixing

Cocke

Maaß

2017

Macro Reaction Engineering

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remains one of the most difficult and least understood mixing problems, in contempt of its major significance for optimization of suspension polymerization. The first step of the process, the liquid-liquid mixing and even more the medium conversion stage with increased dispersed phase viscosity and sticky polymer-monomer particles already determines the size of the final particle size distribution.Xie et al. are introducing this major challenge and give a meaningful introduction about suspension polymerization. [1] It has been widely used to produce poly-(vinyl chloride), poly-(vinylidene chloride) copolymers, polystyrene, poly-(methyl methacrylate), and high value-added polymer particulate products (e.g., chromatographic separation media, ion exchange resins, and enzyme immobilization supports). During the suspension polymerization process, a monomer (or monomers) that is immiscible or slightly soluble in water is first dispersed to form monomer droplets by stirring in the aqueous phase containing a dispersant-the liquid-liquid mixing process.Recent studies have revealed unexpected developments in drop size by only small changes in the geometrical constraints of batch vessels used for suspension polymerization. The effect of the dispersed phase fraction, surfactant concentration, as well as baffle length on the evolving drop size distribution in different low viscous liquid-liquid systems is investigated. The analysis is focused on the drop-dominated systems by hindering the coalescence by polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) concentrations up to three times higher than the critical micelle concentration. The influence of PVA on drop size in breakage-dominated systems is well reproduced with population balance equation simulations. The drops are measured using a photo-optical system with automated image analysis. The measured drop sizes increase with increasing dispersed phase fraction. As coalescence is completely hindered, all observed coalescence effects are connected to phase inversion, a catastrophic phenomenon during suspension polymerization for industrial production processes. Phase inversion can be reproduced for all studied solvents with and without the use of surfactants. In particular, the influence of the baffles can be reproduced. The system is adapted and trained to detect phase inversion as a warning system to make the suspension polymerization process more stable and robust.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 56%

Cross Linking Between the Baffling Effect and Phase Inversion During Liquid–Liquid Monomer Mixing

Cocke

Maaß

2017

Macro Reaction Engineering

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“…The approaches described here are comparable to the work of Rojas-Domínguez et al (2015). They propose a transformation of the denominated Gradient-DirectionPattern (GDP).…”

Section: Image Analysis Working Principlementioning

confidence: 93%

Photo-Optical In-Situ Measurement of Drop Size Distributions: Applications in Research and Industry

Panckow

Reinecke²,

Cuellar

et al. 2017

Oil Gas Sci. Technol. – Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles

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-The exact knowledge of Drop Size Distributions (DSD) plays a major role in various fields of applications to control and optimise processes as well as reduce waste. In the microbial production of advanced biofuels, oil droplets are produced under turbulent conditions in an aqueous medium containing many surface active components, which might hinder the recovery of the product. Knowledge of DSD is thus essential for process optimisation. This study demonstrates the capability of a photo-optical measurement method for DSD measurement in fermentation broth and in plate separators aimed at cost reduction in the microbial production of advanced biofuels. Measurements were made with model mixtures in a bioreactor, and at the inlet and outlet of a plate separator. In the bioreactor, the method was effective in detecting a broad range of droplet sizes and in differentiating other disperse components (e.g. microbial cells and gas bubbles). In the plate separator, the method was effective in determining the influence of the varied parameters on the separation efficiency.Résumé -Mesure photo-optique in-situ de la distribution des taille des gouttes : applications dans la recherche et l'industrie -La connaissance approfondie de la distribution du diamètre des gouttelettes joue un rôle important dans des diverses applications des contrôles et d'optimisations des processus, de plus elle permet de réduire le gaspillage. Pendant la production microbienne de biocarburants avancés, des gouttelettes d'huiles sont produites sous les effets des turbulences du milieu aqueux contenant beaucoup de substances tensio-actives, ce qui pourrait entraver la récupération du produit. La connaissance de la distribution du diamètre des gouttelettes est donc essentielle pour l'optimisation des processus. Cette étude montre les possibilités offertes par une méthode de mesure photo-optique pour les mesures de la taille des gouttelettes dans des bouillons de fermentations et dans des séparateurs à plaques, ceci vise à réduire les coûts dans la production microbienne de biocarburants avancés. Les mesures ont été effectuées avec des mélanges modèles dans un bioréacteur ainsi qu'à l'entrée et à la sortie d'une plaque de séparation. Dans le bioréacteur, le procédé est efficace dans la détection d'une large gamme de tailles de gouttelettes et dans la différenciation des autres composants dispersés (par exemple des cellules microbiennes et des bulles de gaz). Dans le séparateur à plaque, le procédé est efficace, car il détermine l'influence de différents paramètres sur l'efficacité de la séparation.Oil & Gas Science and Technology -Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles (2017) 72, 14 Ó R.P. Panckow et al., published by IFP Energies nouvelles, 2017 DOI: 10.2516 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. LIST OF SYMBOLS AND/OR NOT...

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Hydrodynamics, Fungal Physiology, and Morphology

Serrano‐Carreón

Galindo

Rocha‐Valadez

et al. 2015

Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology

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Filamentous cultures, such as fungi and actinomycetes, contribute substantially to the pharmaceutical industry and to enzyme production, with an annual market of about 6 billion dollars. In mechanically stirred reactors, most frequently used in fermentation industry, microbial growth and metabolite productivity depend on complex interactions between hydrodynamics, oxygen transfer, and mycelial morphology. The dissipation of energy through mechanically stirring devices, either flasks or tanks, impacts both microbial growth through shearing forces on the cells and the transfer of mass and energy, improving the contact between phases (i.e., air bubbles and microorganisms) but also causing damage to the cells at high energy dissipation rates. Mechanical-induced signaling in the cells triggers the molecular responses to shear stress; however, the complete mechanism is not known. Volumetric power input and, more importantly, the energy dissipation/circulation function are the main parameters determining mycelial size, a phenomenon that can be explained by the interaction of mycelial aggregates and Kolmogorov eddies. The use of microparticles in fungal cultures is also a strategy to increase process productivity and reproducibility by controlling fungal morphology. In order to rigorously study the effects of hydrodynamics on the physiology of fungal microorganisms, it is necessary to rule out the possible associated effects of dissolved oxygen, something which has been reported scarcely. At the other hand, the processes of phase dispersion (including the suspended solid that is the filamentous biomass) are crucial in order to get an integral knowledge about biological and physicochemical interactions within the bioreactor. Digital image analysis is a powerful tool for getting relevant information in order to establish the mechanisms of mass transfer as well as to evaluate the viability of the mycelia. This review focuses on (a) the main characteristics of the two most common morphologies exhibited by filamentous microorganisms; (b) how hydrodynamic conditions affect morphology and physiology in filamentous cultures; and (c) techniques using digital image analysis to characterize the viability of filamentous microorganisms and mass transfer in multiphase dispersions. Representative case studies of fungi (Trichoderma harzianum and Pleurotus ostreatus) exhibiting different typical morphologies (disperse mycelia and pellets) are discussed.

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Gradient‐Direction‐Pattern Transform for Automated Measurement of Oil Drops in Images of Multiphase Dispersions

Cited by 5 publications

References 26 publications

Cross Linking Between the Baffling Effect and Phase Inversion During Liquid–Liquid Monomer Mixing

Cross Linking Between the Baffling Effect and Phase Inversion During Liquid–Liquid Monomer Mixing

Photo-Optical In-Situ Measurement of Drop Size Distributions: Applications in Research and Industry

Hydrodynamics, Fungal Physiology, and Morphology

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