Gradient solid electrolytes for thermodynamic measurements: System Na2CO3-Na2SO4

Thermodynamic evaluation and optimization of the (Na2CO3+ Na2SO4+ Na2S + K2CO3+ K2SO4+ K2S) system

“…However, the study by Mukhopadhyay and Jacob [24] on the thermodynamic properties of the hexagonal solid solution was published at a later stage, and therefore it was not included in the thermodynamic assessment by Dessureault et al [6]. Dessureault et al [6] did not asses the low-temperature phase relations due to the lack of reliable data.…”

“…Mukhopadhyay and Jacob [24] measured the activity of Na 2 CO 3 in the high-temperature hexagonal solid solution, which is stable in the whole compositional range for the (Na 2 CO 3 + Na 2 SO 4 ) system. The activity was measured with EMF-techniques in the temperature range of 873 K to 1073 K. Based on the measurements, Mukhopadhyay and Jacob [24] derived the excess Gibbs free energy of the solid solution using a subregular solution model.…”

“…In the present study, the solution properties of the hexagonal solid solution were taken from the work of Mukhopadhyay and Jacob [24]. The thermodynamic data of the hexagonal solid solution are given in table 2.…”

“…The activity was measured with EMF-techniques in the temperature range of 873 K to 1073 K. Based on the measurements, Mukhopadhyay and Jacob [24] derived the excess Gibbs free energy of the solid solution using a subregular solution model. Flood et al [25] measured the oxygen activity in liquid (Na 2 CO 3 + Na 2 SO 4 ) with a controlled level of CO 2 in the gas phase.…”

XPS and ionic conductivity studies on Li1.3Al0.15Y0.15Ti1.7(PO4)3 ceramics

“…The respective powders were pressed at 200 MPa to obtain cylindrical pellets of about 10 and 2 mm in thickness. The same cell (1), but containing Li-β-Al 2 O 3 as a solid electrolyte was previously successfully applied to determine standard molar free energy of formation of LiMnO 2 [17,18]. The EMF of the cell (1) is a result of a difference in the activity of lithium ions at the electrodes.…”