Graduate Student Literature Review: Exploring choline's important roles as a nutrient for transition dairy cows

Arshad, U.; Santos, J.E.P.

doi:10.3168/jds.2023-24050

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…As previously shown, as the intake of choline ion increased from 0 to 25.8 g/day, hepatic triacylglycerol decreased [9], thereby showing that RPC can reduce the risk of fatty liver in dairy cows [9,10]. Nevertheless, when fed to transition cows, RPC has shown mixed effects on hepatic triacylglycerol content postpartum [4,11]. In some cases, RPC reduced hepatic triacylglycerol [12][13][14], whereas in others, it had no effect [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Also, RPC supports improved hepatic health with reduced concentrations of hepatic triacylglycerol, which was observed herein in experiment 1. Increased concentration of hepatic triacylglycerol are linked with less DMI [11], and lipidosis of the hepatic tissue can affect hepatic health, which might influence appetite in dairy cows. The improvements in DMI postpartum in experiment 1 help to partially explain the increases in energy-corrected milk and the greater mean BCS in cows fed RPC compared with the controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Arshad et al [10] showed that supplementing RPC to diets of feed-restricted late gestation cows alleviated the accumulation of triacylglycerol in the hepatic tissue, in part by increasing hepatic secretion of nascent VLDLs. The same group [10,11] proposed numerous mechanisms by which supplementing choline ions as RPC might facilitate the disposal of triacylglycerol from the hepatic tissue in dairy cows. Changes in the hepatic tissue composition of dairy cows during the postpartum period because of supplemental RPC have been observed by others [12][13][14], although responses have not been consistent [16,26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using the feed-restricted latepregnant dry cow model [9], a previous experiment showed that as the amount of choline ion supplemented increased, the triacylglycerol content of the hepatic tissue decreased. Arshad et al [10] showed that choline stimulated hepatic secretion of VLDLs, and in vitro experiments have demonstrated that supplementing choline as choline chloride to bovine hepatocytes stimulated secretion of VLDLs [34], which would support increased export of hepatic fatty acids as triacylglycerols [10,11,15]. Collectively, these data suggest that the mechanisms by which RPC minimizes hepatic infiltration of triacylglycerol might be mediated by changes in the hepatic metabolism of fatty acids that, among other features, result in increased export by the liver as VLDLs [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rumen-Protected Choline Improves Metabolism and Lactation Performance in Dairy Cows

Lima,

Sá Filho,

Greco

et al. 2024

Animals

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Choline is required for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, an important constituent of lipoproteins. Early lactation cows presumably synthesize insufficient phosphatidylcholine, and choline supplementation in a rumen-protected form might benefit metabolism and lactation. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of feeding rumen-protected choline (RPC) on lactation and metabolism in dairy cows. In experiment 1, 369 nulliparous and parous Holstein cows housed in four pens per treatment were fed 12.9 g/day of choline as RPC from 25 days prepartum until 80 days postpartum. In experiment 2, 578 nulliparous cows housed in five pens/treatment were fed 12.9 g/day of choline as RPC in the last 22 days of gestation only. In both experiments, blood was sampled and analyzed for concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and glucose at 1, 14, and 21 days postpartum and of choline at 1 and 14 days postpartum. Blood from all cows was sampled and analyzed for concentrations of β-OH butyrate (BHB) at 1 and 14 days postpartum. Cows with BHB > 1.2 mmol/L were classified as having hyperketonemia. Hepatic tissue was collected from 46 cows from the eight pens in experiment 1 at 9 days postpartum and analyzed for concentrations of glycogen and triacylglycerol. Milk yield and components were measured for 80 days postpartum in experiment 1, whereas only milk yield was measured in experiment 2. The pen was the experimental unit of analysis. Supplementing RPC tended to increase dry matter intake (DMI) prepartum in experiments 1 and 2 and postpartum in experiment 1. Feeding cows with RPC increased yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk (42.8 vs. 44.8 kg/day), energy-corrected milk (38.5 vs. 40.3 kg/day), milk fat (1.52 vs. 1.61 kg/day), and true protein (1.16 vs. 1.21 kg/day) in experiment 1. Milk yield tended to be greater with RPC (26.4 vs. 27.4 kg/day) in experiment 2. Supplementing RPC increased plasma choline concentrations on day 14 postpartum in experiment 1 (3.32 ± 0.27 vs. 4.34 ± 0.28 µM) and on day 1 in experiment 2 (3.35 ± 0.16 and 13.73 ± 0.15 µM). Treatment did not affect the concentrations of glucose, NEFAs, or BHB in plasma, but the incidence of hyperketonemia was less in multiparous cows fed RPC than those fed the control in experiment 1. Feeding cows with RPC reduced hepatic triacylglycerol content and tended to reduce the ratio of triacylglycerol to glycogen and the risk of hepatic lipidosis in cows in experiment 1. The concentrations of hepatic triacylglycerol on day 9 postpartum were inversely related to those of choline in plasma on day 1 postpartum. Feeding cows with RPC improved lactation and metabolism, but more benefits were noted when it was fed before and after calving.

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