Graduate Student Literature Review: Potential mechanisms of interaction between bacteria and the reproductive tract of dairy cattle

Owens, Connor E.; Daniels, K.M.; Ealy, Alan D.; Knowlton, Katharine F.; Cockrum, Rebecca

doi:10.3168/jds.2019-18050

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Studies have come to similar conclusions with zebrafish, and researchers have found that L. rhamnosus acts both on the endocrine system and at the local level by inducing oocyte maturation 34,35 . This effect was also found in cows, where Lactobacillus secretes flavonoids to increase oocyte competency 36 . In conclusion, Lactobacillus in follicular fluid might promote egg maturation through its secretion or inhibit the growth of other pathogens to maintain a healthy developmental environment for the egg.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

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Microbiological composition of follicular fluid in patients undergoing IVF and its association with infertility

Dong

Liu

et al. 2022

American J Rep Immunol

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Problem: In recent years, the incidence of female infertility has risen sharply, which is affected by many factors. It was recognized that female reproductive tract microbes play a role in the process of female conception. If the reproductive tract microbes could solve a certain proportion of infertility, it would certainly reduce the pain and economic burden of many patients. The objective of this study was to investigate the microbial community composition of follicular fluid in infertile patients and its potential impact on infertility.Method of study: Follicular fluid from 49 primary infertility and 52 secondary infertility patients was collected by a negative pressure needle, and the microbiota was analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing. Results: It was found that Lactobacillus, especially L. crispatus, might have a positive effect on female pregnancy. Considering the presence or absence of male factors and different body mass indices, L. iners might inhibit female pregnancy. However, L. iners seemed to play a positive role in egg maturation, while Gardnerella and Cutibacterium acnes might have a negative effect on female pregnancy. Conclusions: This study suggested the potential role of Lactobacillus in follicular fluid in improving female infertility and provided a theoretical basis for the future microbiological treatment of female infertility.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Lactobacillus secretes flavonoids to increase oocyte competency. 36 In conclusion, Lactobacillus in follicular fluid might promote egg matura-tion through its secretion or inhibit the growth of other pathogens to maintain a healthy developmental environment for the egg.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Microbiological composition of follicular fluid in patients undergoing IVF and its association with infertility

Dong

Liu

et al. 2022

American J Rep Immunol

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“…Similarly, sections of the reproductive tract, like the vagina, cervix, uterus, and oviduct, support the growth of specific subsets of bacteria, but the microbial composition and diversity of each section could be influenced by those adjacent to it [ 45 , 46 ]. We observed a moderate correlation between the placental and vaginal microbiomes, but we also observed lower phylogenetic diversity in placental samples compared to vaginal samples and separate clustering of placental and vaginal samples in the principal coordinate scatter plot.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiomes of Various Maternal Body Systems Are Predictive of Calf Digestive Bacterial Ecology

Owens

Huffard

Nin-Velez

et al. 2021

Animals

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Body systems once thought sterile at birth instead have complex and sometimes abundant microbial ecosystems. However, relationships between dam and calf microbial ecosystems are still unclear. The objectives of this study were to (1) characterize the various maternal and calf microbiomes during peri-partum and post-partum periods and (2) examine the influence of the maternal microbiome on calf fecal microbiome composition during the pre-weaning phase. Multiparous Holstein cows were placed in individual, freshly bedded box stalls 14 d before expected calving. Caudal vaginal fluid samples were collected approximately 24 h before calving and dam fecal, oral, colostrum, and placenta samples were collected immediately after calving. Calf fecal samples were collected at birth (meconium) and 24 h, 7 d, 42 d, and 60 d of age. Amplicons covering V4 16S rDNA regions were generated using DNA extracted from all samples and were sequenced using 300 bp paired end Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Spearman rank correlations were performed between genera in maternal and calf fecal microbiomes. Negative binomial regression models were created for genera in calf fecal samples at each time point using genera in maternal microbiomes. We determined that Bacteroidetes dominated the calf fecal microbiome at all time points (relative abundance ≥42.55%) except for 24 h post-calving, whereas Proteobacteria were the dominant phylum (relative abundance = 85.10%). Maternal fecal, oral, placental, vaginal, and colostrum microbiomes were significant predictors of calf fecal microbiome throughout pre-weaning. Results indicate that calf fecal microbiome inoculation and development may be derived from various maternal sources. Maternal microbiomes could be used to predict calf microbiome development, but further research on the environmental and genetic influences is needed.

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“…The microbiota also consists of pathogenic organisms capable of causing disease. In the postpartum dairy cow, for example, uterine infection (metritis) can have profound negative effects on reproductive efficiency, animal health, and reduce productivity after calving (Galvão et al, 2019 ; Owens et al, 2020 ; Moraes et al, 2021 ). A sterile uterus was previously thought to be a prerequisite for a healthy uterus and the establishment of pregnancy (Banchi et al, 2024 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of the uterine microbiome following artificial insemination in virgin heifers

Moraes,

Gull,

Ericsson

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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IntroductionThe concept of a sterile uterus was challenged by recent studies that have described the microbiome of the virgin and pregnant uterus for species including humans and cattle. We designed two studies that tested whether the microbiome is introduced into the uterus when the virgin heifer is first inseminated and whether the origin of the microbiome is the vagina/cervix.MethodsThe uterine microbiome was measured immediately before and after an artificial insemination (AI; Study 1; n = 7 AI and n = 6 control) and 14 d after insemination (Study 2; n = 12 AI and n = 12 control) in AI and non-AI (control) Holstein heifers. A third study (Study 3; n = 5 Holstein heifers) that included additional negative controls was subsequently conducted to support the presence of a unique microbiome within the uterus despite the low microbial biomass and regardless of insemination. Traditional bacteriological culture was performed in addition to 16S rRNA gene sequencing on the same samples to determine whether there were viable organisms in addition to those detected based on DNA sequencing (16S rRNA gene sequence).Results and discussionInseminating a heifer did not lead to a large change in the microbiome when assessed by traditional methods of bacterial culture or metataxonomic (16S rRNA gene) sequencing (results of Studies 1 and 2). Very few bacteria were cultured from the body or horn of the uterus regardless of whether an AI was or was not (negative control) performed. The cultured bacterial genera (e.g., Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Cutibacterium, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus) were typical of those found in the soil, environment, skin, mucous membranes, and urogenital tract of animals. Metataxonomic sequencing of 16S rRNA gene generated a large number of amplicon sequence variants (ASV), but these larger datasets that were based on DNA sequencing did not consistently demonstrate an effect of AI on the abundance of ASVs across all uterine locations compared with the external surface of the tract (e.g., perimetrium; positive control samples for environment contamination during slaughter and collection). Major genera identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing overlapped with those identified with bacterial culture and included Cutibacterium, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus.

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Graduate Student Literature Review: Potential mechanisms of interaction between bacteria and the reproductive tract of dairy cattle

Cited by 9 publications

References 65 publications

Microbiological composition of follicular fluid in patients undergoing IVF and its association with infertility

Microbiological composition of follicular fluid in patients undergoing IVF and its association with infertility

Microbiomes of Various Maternal Body Systems Are Predictive of Calf Digestive Bacterial Ecology

Establishment of the uterine microbiome following artificial insemination in virgin heifers

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