“…1 In response to this challenge, the Department of Surgery at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine hosted a 2-day think-tank consortium to identify critical educational components of a surgical residency and to identify models that could satisfy not only the educational mission, but also the duty-hour limitations set forth by the ACGME. 10,11 Components of our redesigned surgical residency include apprenticeships, small teams, and a night float service to cross-cover all inpatients, consults, and the emergency room from 6 PM to 7 AM, 5 days per week. We have shown that the new model of a surgery residency can be implemented with stable or improved resident perception of caseload, continuity, resident caseload, operating room teaching, and faculty supervision.…”