Graft 1-phenylethylene copolymers of lignin. 1. Synthesis and proof of copolymerization

Meister, John J.; Chen, Meng Jiu

doi:10.1021/ma00026a007

Cited by 55 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Similar results were reported in the literature for nonpolar thermoplastics and lignin blends 3,4 and, more generally, for polymer composites, in which poor compatibility took place between the two components.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Polymer blends of steam‐explosion lignin and poly(ε‐caprolactone) by high‐energy ball milling

Pucciariello

Bonini

D’Auria

et al. 2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Lignin powder, obtained from an abundant and low-cost source, straw, through a low-environmentalimpact process, steam explosion, was used for the preparation of blends with a biodegradable polyester, poly (e-caprolactone) (PCL), with an innovative technique, highenergy ball milling. Lignin strongly stabilized PCL against UV radiation. The modulus of the blends increased with the addition of lignin; nevertheless, the elongation at breaking decreased. Through thermal characterization (differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis), lignin and PCL were found to be immiscible.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Polymer blends of steam‐explosion lignin and poly(ε‐caprolactone) by high‐energy ball milling

Pucciariello

Bonini

D’Auria

et al. 2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…prepared lignin graft polystyrene (lignin‐ g ‐PS) copolymers by free radical polymerization catalyzed by hydrogen peroxide and halide salts. The data demonstrated that DMSO and calcium chloride gave higher yields than other solvents and halide salts . The graft copolymers formed sheets by thermal compression molding at 150 °C, indicating their thermoplasticity .…”

Section: Lignin‐based Thermoplastic Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin‐Based Thermoplastic Materials

2016

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Lignin-based thermoplastic materials have attracted increasing interest as sustainable, cost-effective, and biodegradable alternatives for petroleum-based thermoplastics. As an amorphous thermoplastic material, lignin has a relatively high glass-transition temperature and also undergoes radical-induced self-condensation at high temperatures, which limits its thermal processability. Additionally, lignin-based materials are usually brittle and exhibit poor mechanical properties. To improve the thermoplasticity and mechanical properties of technical lignin, polymers or plasticizers are usually integrated with lignin by blending or chemical modification. This Review attempts to cover the reported approaches towards the development of lignin-based thermoplastic materials on the basis of published information. Approaches reviewed include plasticization, blending with miscible polymers, and chemical modifications by esterification, etherification, polymer grafting, and copolymerization. Those lignin-based thermoplastic materials are expected to show applications as engineering plastics, polymeric foams, thermoplastic elastomers, and carbon-fiber precursors.

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“…In those systems, yields in the order of 25-40 wt% were common when more than half of the monomer was added to the grafting reaction using styrene [182]. Meister and Chen [183] developed a quantitative graft polymerization system in aprotic, polar organic solvents. They used softwood kraft lignin and dimethyl sulfoxide as the solvent.…”

Section: Radical Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of technical lignins to functional materials with retained polymeric properties

Matsushita

2015

J Wood Sci

157

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A significant amount of technical lignins is produced in the pulp and paper industries. However, most technical lignins are burned for thermal recycling and a few percent are used as materials, such as lignosulfonate as a dispersant. Native lignin has a highly complex structure and is susceptible to structural variations depending on the pulping process, thus hindering the effective utilization of lignins. The procedures used to convert lignins into functional materials include depolymerization to monomeric fragments followed by re-building to functional materials, and chemical modifications to generate functional polymers with retained polymeric properties. In this paper, the latter is disserted. The characteristics of technical lignins, which include kraft lignin, lignosulfonate, and organosolv lignin, and their conversion to functional materials such as polyesters, polyethers, polyurethanes, etc. and the applications of lignin-based materials in some fields are discussed.

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Graft 1-phenylethylene copolymers of lignin. 1. Synthesis and proof of copolymerization

Cited by 55 publications

References 2 publications

Polymer blends of steam‐explosion lignin and poly(ε‐caprolactone) by high‐energy ball milling

Polymer blends of steam‐explosion lignin and poly(ε‐caprolactone) by high‐energy ball milling

Lignin‐Based Thermoplastic Materials

Conversion of technical lignins to functional materials with retained polymeric properties

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