Graft copolymerization modification of silk fabric with an organophosphorus flame retardant

Guan, Jing; Chen, Guoqiang

doi:10.1002/fam.1023

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…To date, a large number of flame retardants, including minerals, [1][2][3][4][5] phosphoric compounds, [6][7][8][9] carbon materials, [10][11][12][13] and siliceous compounds, [14][15][16][17] have been used. Of these, aluminum hydroxide (ATH) has received much attention because of its environmental friendliness, low cost, low toxicity, low smoke, and lack of corrosive gas; 18,19 however, it has two limitations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aluminum–organophosphorus hybrid nanorods for simultaneously enhancing the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of epoxy resin

Yang

Huang

et al. 2012

J. Mater. Chem.

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New aluminum-organophosphorus hybrid nanorods (AOPH-NR) have been prepared by reacting aluminum hydroxide (ATH) with dibenzylphosphinic acid (DBPA) with aluminum hydroxide (ATH) and used to prepare nanocomposites with epoxy resin. In order to determine the structure-property relationship of these composites, several other phosphinic acids of the general formula (R (CH 2 ) n ) 2 POOH (R ¼ ester, allyl, nitrile, n ¼ 1 or 2), and corresponding AOPHs were synthesized. FTIR, Raman, TGA, and XRD examinations showed that only AOPH-NR possesses a highly hybrid structure and high thermostability. SEM and TEM confirmed the nanorod morphology of AOPH-NR. The formation mechanism can be described as a decomposing-reforming process. This characteristic causes AOPH-NR to exhibit superior properties. Limiting oxygen index (LOI) determination and cone calorimeter analysis showed that the incorporation of only 4.25 wt% AOPH-NR remarkably improved the LOI value to as much as 28.0 and led to a 23% reduction in peak heat release rate (PHRR). Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) indicated that the mechanical properties of epoxy resin were also improved by incorporating AOPH-NR. In this way, the aluminum-organophosphorus hybridization via reacting ATH with specific organophosphinic acids shows promise as a means of improving flame retardancy and mechanical properties simultaneously. The thermal and anti-flaming properties of composites, combined with the properties of AOPHs, allowed us to discover the important role that the release and migration of phosphorus species plays in fire-retarding materials. This provides a new insight into the design of high-performance flame retardants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aluminum–organophosphorus hybrid nanorods for simultaneously enhancing the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of epoxy resin

Yang

Huang

et al. 2012

J. Mater. Chem.

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“…It has the highest value for dyed silk fabric samples mordanted with chrome and the lowest one for the blank silk sample (Table 2). Heat release rate has been found to be very effective for the evaluation of fire hazards (Guan & Chen, 2009). The endothermal peaks from 375˚C until the end of the temperature curve for all the dyed and dyed mordanted silk samples are assigned to the heat release of oxidation of the decomposition of the sample flammable products.…”

Section: Differential Thermo-gravimetry (Dtg)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Silk powder is used for biomaterial applications and textile finishing. In addition, fine silk powder is absorbed into cotton fibers to create a soft hand, good drape characteristics as well as the moisture absorbing properties inherent in cotton fabric (Guan & Chen, 2009). Natural dyes are known for their use in coloring food substrates, leather as well as natural protein fibers, such as wool and silk as major areas of application since pre-historic times.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Mordant Type on Thermal Stability and Fastness Properties of Silk Fabric Dyed with Natural Dye "Sambucus Nigra"

Osman

El-Zaher

2011

Research Journal of Textile and Apparel

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Natural dye (Sambucus nigra, whose common name is elder) is used to dye silk fabric. The dyed fabric samples have been post mordanted with three different mordants, including alum; ferrous and chrome. A thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning colorimetry (DSC) of all the samples are used to investigate the thermal stability of the dyed mordanted silk fabrics. The TGA provides the changes in the sample weight loss as a function of time and temperature. The DSC gives information about the possible changes in the fiber structure. In addition, the DSC is a method commonly used to determine crystallinity in polymers and involves measuring the melting enthalpy. The TGA tested results for silk samples mordanted with ferrous has the highest thermal stability. The endothermic peak at 318˚C shifts to a lower or higher temperature than in the case of blank samples according to the type of mordant used. Fastness to light, washing and perspiration of the examined silk fabrics have also been examined and the results are reported.

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Performance of flame retardancy silk modified with water‐soluble vinyl phosphoamide

Guan¹,

Chen²

2013

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this article, a water-soluble flame retardant monomer dimethyl(methacryloyloxyethyl)phosphoramidate (DMMEPN) was synthesized and applied onto silk fabric via graft copolymerization technique initiated with potassium persulfate (KPS). The results of attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) indicated that DMMEPN was successfully grafted onto silk fiber surface. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed that grafting process didn't change the crystalline structure of silk fibers and the reaction mainly occurred at the amorphous region of silk fibers. DMMEPN grafted silk fabric exhibited self-extinguish property when ignited with a candle like fire with LOI of 32.38% and could pass vertical flammability test with char length of 42 mm. Thermal gravimetric analysis showed that grafted silk fibers had different thermal decomposition mode with control silk fibers and tended to produce more char after combustion. This article also investigated the physical properties like whiteness index, hygroscopicity, and tensile strength of grafted silk fabrics. The results showed that physical properties had some loss but had no negative effect on final uses. Laundering durability test demonstrated treated silk fabrics still showed flame retardancy after enduring 30 hand wash cycles.

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Graft copolymerization modification of silk fabric with an organophosphorus flame retardant

Cited by 18 publications

References 16 publications

Aluminum–organophosphorus hybrid nanorods for simultaneously enhancing the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of epoxy resin

Aluminum–organophosphorus hybrid nanorods for simultaneously enhancing the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of epoxy resin

Effect of Mordant Type on Thermal Stability and Fastness Properties of Silk Fabric Dyed with Natural Dye "Sambucus Nigra"

Performance of flame retardancy silk modified with water‐soluble vinyl phosphoamide

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