Graft Copolymerization of N,N-Dimethylacrylamide to Cellulose in Homogeneous Media Using Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization for Hemocompatibility

Abstract

ABSTRACTfree radical grafting sites, and the presence of a considerable amount of ungrafted cellulose in the prodIn homogeneous media, N,N -Dimethylacrylamide uct. In addition, these techniques usually results in (DMA) was grafted copolymerization to cellulose the graft copolymer with poor control over the comby a metal-catalyzed atom transfer radical polyposition, such as molecular weight and the merization (ATRP) process. First, cellulose was polydispersity of the grafted chains [3]. Recently, dissolved in DMAc/LiCl system, and it reacted controlled/"living" radical polymerization methods with 2-bromoisobutyloyl bromide (BiBBr) to prohave been developed [4], which is able to minimize duce macroinitiator (cell-BiB). Then DMA was chain transfer and to control the molecular weight polymerized to the cellulose backbone in a and polydispersity. Among them atom transfer radihomogeneous DMSO solution in presence of cal polymerization (ATRP) and reversible addition the cell-BiB. Characterization with FT-IR, NMR, fragmentation transfer polymerization (RAFT) are and GPC measurements showed that there the two convenient methods to prepare well-defined obtained a graft copolymer with cellulose backpolymers. Using living free radical polymerization bone and PDMA side chains (cell-PDMA) in wellmethods to prepare cellulose graft copolymer is an defined structure. The proteins adsorption studattractive topic and some investigations had been caries showed that the cellulose membranes modiried out. Perrier, et al. reported a preparation of polyfied by the as-prepared cell-PDMA copolymer styrene graft cellulose by a RAFT process [5]. own good protein adsorption resistancet.Carlmark and Malmstrom synthesized a poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) graft cellulose using an ATRP process [6]. However, in both the studies, the graft copolymerization occurs only on the surface of cellulose fiber due to the heterogeneous process. Huang, et al. reported a homogeneous ATRP process

Photopolymerised thermo-responsive poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide)-based copolymer hydrogels for potential drug delivery applications

“…The peaks at 173.91 and 174.81 ppm are consistent with the carbonyl group of the amide. The spectra were similar to that reported for PDEAAm [30], PDMAAm [34,35] and P(DEAAmDMAAm) [36]. The 1 H spectrum shows a DEAAm: DMAAm ratio of 2.8:1 incorporated into the copolymer compared to a mole fraction of 3.1:1 for the feed composition.…”

Universal Conditions for the Controlled Polymerization of Acrylates, Methacrylates, and Styrene via Cu(0)-RDRP

“…60%) and extensively purify the macroinitiator product prior to performing a chain extension experiment which is a waste of materials and time consuming limiting commercial exploitation and attractiveness. In order to circumvent this, a number of different "variations" of ATRP and SET-LRP have recently been developed, including use of free radical initiators (initiators for continuous activator regeneration (ICAR) ATRP) 20 , reducing agents (activators regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET) and AGET ATRP) 21,22 , electrochemical (eATRP) 23 and light stimuli (light ATRP), [24][25][26][27][28][29][30] as well as Cu(0)-wire and Cu(0) particle mediated processes. 31,32 The latter two approaches have demonstrated high end group fidelity even at near-quantitative conversions as exemplified by the in situ synthesis of multiblock copolymers.…”

Cellulose-Based Thermoplastics and Elastomers via Controlled Radical Polymerization

“…Monomers have been used to prepare cellulose graft copolymers via ATRP strategy in homogeneous conditions. N-dimethylamino-2-ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) [34,52], N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA) [40,[53][54][55], 2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DEAEMA) [56], poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate (PEGA) [57], isoprene [36,58,59], ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) [60], soybean oil-based methacrylates (SOM1 and SOM2) [61], lauryl methacrylate (LMA), and dehydroabietic ethyl methacrylate (DAEMA) [62], have been grafted from cellulose via homogeneous ATRP to develop novel cellulose graft copolymers.…”