Graft copolymerization onto jute fiber: Ceric ion‐initiated graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate

Abstract

Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) was carried out on both defatted and bleached jute fibers using ceric ammonium sulfate (CAS) as the initiator. In order to obtain the optimum condition for grafting, the effects of initiator concentrations, temperature, time of reaction, lignin content of jute, and the monomer concentration were studied. The maximum percent grafting and grafting efficiency were found to be 132% and 0.71, respectively. Kinetic studies showed that at 0.03M CAS, the reaction appeared to obey the second‐order process. The activation energies were found to be 7.74 and 5.12 kcal/mole for defatted (lignin content, 15.7%) and chlorite‐bleached jute (lignin content 10%), respectively. The activation energies of graft copolymerization of MMA onto jute fiber are compared with the energies of activation of graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile (AN).

Environment Friendly Composite Materials: Biocomposites and Green Composites

“…Chemical grafting involves attaching to the surface of a fiber a suitable polymer with a solubility parameter similar to that of the polymer matrix, which acts as an inter facial agent and improves the bonding between the fiber and the matrix. Graft copolymerization of vinyl monomers such as methyl methacrylate, acrylamide, and acrylonitrile onto cellulose, cellulose derivatives, and lignocellulosic fibers has been well established and has been extensively studied over the past few decades [66][67][68] . Impregnation with monomer followed by its polymerization has also been one of the most common methods used for treatment of fibers.…”

“…These structures contain reactive functional groups that are capable of bonding to the reactive groups in the matrix polymer. Thus modification of natural fibers is attempted to make the fiber hydrophobic and to improve interfacial adhesion between the fiber and the matrix polymer [57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71] . Chemical treatment of natural fibers has been reviewed where it reported 58 that such as de-waxing (de-fatting), de-lignifications, bleaching, acetylation, cynoethylation 72 , and chemical grafting were used for modifying the surface properties of the fibers for enhancing its performance.…”

Thermally initiated solvent-free radical modification of beech (Fagus sylvatica) wood

“…There are also reports on free radicals generation using high-frequency ultrasound (Petrier et al 1994;Gadhe et al 2006), UV laser energy (Dodson et al 2009), or cirradiation (Supe et al 1993) which, in fact, are a combination of physical and chemical modification. Moreover, many successful radical graftings were efficiently applied to a range of lignocellulosic materials-like high-yield pulp (Hornof et al 1976), wheat straw (Fanta et al 1987), or jute fiber (Huque et al 1980;Abou-Zeid et al 1984;Sikdar et al 1995). However, the procedures were performed in solvents, which undoubtedly are a serious inconvenience limiting scaling up.…”

Low-temperature pyrolysis on jute fibers as a thermochemical modification method

“…The hydrophilicity and moisture absorptivity of lignocellulosic natural fibers increases with the amount of non-cellulosic compounds, especially hemicellulose and pectin, the fibers contain [1][2][3]. Many researchers have reported chemical modifications of biomass fibers that can modify the hydrophilicity of these fibers, such as alkalization [4], acetylation [5], graft copolymerization [6][7][8] and treatment with coupling agents [9,10]. Physical treatments like plasma treatment were also conducted to modify hydrophilicity [11][12][13], However, these modifications require considerable amounts of time and energy, or special equipment to achieve the most preferable fiber properties for fiber-polymer adhesion.…”