Graft-induced change in fruit shape in Capsicum annuum L. I. genetic analysis by crossing

Yagishita, Noboru; Hirata, Yutaka

doi:10.1007/bf00051864

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…He and his co-workers did their best to describe the variation they obtained : mostly continuous variation for morphological characteristics such as shape and size of leaves and fruits (Kasahara et al, 1973) . The same goes for the articles of Yagishita & Hirata (1987) and Yagishita et al . (1990) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Graft-transformation, the mechanism for graft-induced genetic changes in higher plants

Ohta

1991

Euphytica

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In our previous report of a series of experiments involving ordinary grafting, virus-inoculated grafting and DNA treatment in Capsicum annuum L., we described the variants as well as gene analyses of individual variants, together with the characteristics of the graft-induced genetic changes obtained .Microhistological analysis of the stock stems revealed that chromatin masses, stained to greenish blue and in various sizes and shapes, were moving through cell wall and intercellular space from the lignifying and dying cells, stained to lighter purplish brown, towards the vascular bundles (Fig . 1) . I discussed the mechanisms of chromatin transfer from the stock dying cells through the vascular system across the graft-union to the growing point(s) of the scion (Fig . 3), and how that process causes transformation in the fast dividing scion flower primordia (Fig . 4) . The significance of chromatin translocation can be understood in the following way : Genetic information is never transmitted from the stock to the scion, unless a DNA molecule larger than a functional unit such as a gene translocates from the stock, and unless the DNA molecules per se are integrated into new cell nuclei of the scion . In other words, no transmission of genetic information will take place, if DNA molecules of the stock disintegrated to nucleotides, as when a protein molecule is digested into amino acids, and are utilized by the scion simply as raw material in the formation of new cell nuclei with its own DNA strand as template .Also discussed were the significance of `mentor methods', and the importance of distinguishing between horticultural graft and genetical graft (Fig . 2) .

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Graft-transformation, the mechanism for graft-induced genetic changes in higher plants

Ohta

1991

Euphytica

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“…In conclusion, characteristic of decreased capsaicin synthesis was thought to vary from dominant (hot) to recessive (slightly hot) in the same direction as variations for fruit shape (Yagishita & Hirata, 1987), fruit color ) and bushytype plant . Decreased capsaicin characteristic itself is of stable genetic origin, but the precise relationship is not clear because no segregation of low capsaicin plants in the F, progenies from the reciprocal crosses between Y and G 5 S23 was found and the genetic control of capsaicin synthesis seems not to be simple (due to at least two genes) .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Variant strains having specific variant characteristics of two-lobed fruit (Yagishita & Hirata, 1984, 1987 and bushy plant type ) also show low capsaicin synthesis (Yagishita et al ., 1985) . Decreased capsaicin content in variant strains is also transmitted to progenies from G I S 17 strain crosses with sweet parent cultivar`S panish Paprika' used for stock .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic nature of low capsaicin content in the variant strains induced by grafting in Capsicum annuum L.

et al. 1990

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The genetic nature of low capsaicin content in variant strains induced by grafting was elucidated by crossing the G 5 S23 strain with the two cultivars, 'Yatsubusa' (Capsicum annuum L. var . fasciculatum Ilish) andSpanish Paprika' (C. annuum L. grossum Sendt) originally used for grafting . Decreased capsaicin synthesis was a stable characteristic for at least several generations from G 5S 16 to G5S 23 and was transmitted to the progenies of crosses . This fact shows that the decreased capsaicin synthesis is a genetic trait in the graft-induced variant strains . The genetically dependent characteristic of pungency of the G 5 S23 , ' Yatsubusa'and `Spanish Paprika' were analysed by High Perfomance Liquid Chromatography measurement and tasting assay .Cross experiment between the G5 S 23 strain, hot parent 'Yatsubusa' and sweet parent `Spanish Paprika' showed that `pungent' and `sweet' for pungency chracteristics are generally controlled by at least two pairs of genes . Although segregation of capsaicin content and pungency was clearly demonstrated in F 2 progenies from reciprocal crosses between the G 5 S23 strain and `Spanish Paprika', F 2 progenies from reciprocal crosses between G5 S 23 and 'Yatsubusa' were all hot and did not develop low capsaicin plants .

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“…To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of genes involved in shaping pepper fruit, a character known for years to be affected by grafting [ 19 - 21 ]. In conjunction with the remarkable progress in genomic sequencing of many Solanaceae species such as pepper and other complementary -omic studies, we believe our work is a step forward in better understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in controlling fruit shape in pepper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple evidence for the role of an Ovate-like gene in determining fruit shape in pepper

et al. 2011

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BackgroundGrafting is a widely used technique contributing to sustainable and ecological production of many vegetables, but important fruit quality characters such as taste, aroma, texture and shape are known for years to be affected by grafting in important vegetables species including pepper. From all the characters affected, fruit shape is the most easily observed and measured. From research in tomato, fruit shape is known to be controlled by many QTLs but only few of them have larger effect on fruit shape variance. In this study we used pepper cultivars with different fruit shape to study the role of a pepper Ovate-like gene, CaOvate, which encodes a negative regulator protein that brings significant changes in tomato fruit shape.ResultsWe successfully cloned and characterized Ovate-like genes (designated as CaOvate) from two pepper cultivars of different fruit shape, cv. "Mytilini Round" and cv. "Piperaki Long", hereafter referred to as cv. "Round" and cv. "Long" after the shape of their mature fruits. The CaOvate consensus contains a 1008-bp ORF, encodes a 335 amino-acid polypeptide, shares 63% identity with the tomato OVATE protein and exhibits high similarity with OVATE sequences from other Solanaceae species, all placed in the same protein subfamily as outlined by expert sequence analysis. No significant structural differences were detected between the CaOvate genes obtained from the two cultivars. However, relative quantitative expression analysis showed that the expression of CaOvate followed a different developmental profile between the two cultivars, being higher in cv. "Round". Furthermore, down-regulation of CaOvate through VIGS in cv. "Round" changes its fruit to a more oblong form indicating that CaOvate is indeed involved in determining fruit shape in pepper, perhaps by negatively affecting the expression of its target gene, CaGA20ox1, also studied in this work.ConclusionsHerein, we clone, characterize and study CaOvate and CaGA20ox1 genes, very likely involved in shaping pepper fruit. The oblong phenotype of the fruits in a plant of cv. "Round", where we observed a significant reduction in the expression levels of CaOvate, resembled the change in shape that takes place by grafting the round-fruited cultivar cv. "Round" onto the long-fruited pepper cultivar cv. "Long". Understanding the role of CaOvate and CaGA20ox1, as well as of other genes like Sun also involved in controlling fruit shape in Solanaceae plants like tomato, pave the way to better understand the molecular mechanisms involved in controlling fruit shape in Solanaceae plants in general, and pepper in particular, as well as the changes in fruit quality induced after grafting and perhaps the ways to mitigate them.

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Graft-induced change in fruit shape in Capsicum annuum L. I. genetic analysis by crossing

Cited by 22 publications

References 8 publications

Graft-transformation, the mechanism for graft-induced genetic changes in higher plants

Graft-transformation, the mechanism for graft-induced genetic changes in higher plants

Genetic nature of low capsaicin content in the variant strains induced by grafting in Capsicum annuum L.

Multiple evidence for the role of an Ovate-like gene in determining fruit shape in pepper

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