Grafting carbon nanotubes onto carbon fiber by use of dendrimers

Mei, Lei; He, Xiaodong; Li, Yibin; Wang, Rongguo; Wang, Chao; Peng, Qingyu

doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2010.07.056

Cited by 85 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Many methods have been developed for improving the CFpolymer matrix interfacial adhesion, including electrochemical, chemical, thermal, grafting, coating (sizing) and discharge plasma treatments, etc [9,10]. Graphene oxide (GO) as a potential multifunctional sizing agent can be uniformly dispersed and firmly adsorbed on the surface of CFs to prepare a new hierarchical reinforcement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of functionalized graphene oxide/carbon fiber/epoxy nanocomposites

2015

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a b s t r a c tGraphene oxide (GO) was functionalized using three different diamines, namely ethylenediamine (EDA), 4,4 0 -diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) and p-phenylenediamine (PPD) to reinforce an epoxy adhesive, with the aim of improving the bonding strength of carbon fiber/epoxy composite. The chemical structure of the functionalized GO (FGO) nanosheets was characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR and XRD. Hand lay-up, as a simple method, was applied for 3-ply composite fabrication. In the sample preparation, the fiber-to-resin ratio of 40:60 (w:w) and fiber orientations of 0 , 90 , and 0 were used. The GO and FGO nanoparticles were first dispersed in the epoxy resin, and then the GO and FGO reinforced epoxy (GO-or FGO-epoxy) were directly introduced into the carbon fiber layers to improve the mechanical properties. The GO and FGO contents varied in the range of 0.1e0.5 wt%. Results showed that the mechanical properties, in terms of tensile and flexural properties, were mainly dependent on the type of GO functionalization followed by the percentage of modified GO. As a result, both the tensile and flexural strengths are effectively enhanced by the FGOs addition. The tensile and flexural moduli are also increased by the FGO filling in the epoxy resin due to the excellent elastic modulus of FGO. The optimal FGO content for effectively improving the overall composite mechanical performance was found to be 0.3 wt%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the failure mechanism of carbon fibers pulled out from the epoxy matrix contributed to the enhancement of the mechanical performance of the epoxy. These results show that diamine FGOs can strengthen the interfacial bonding between the carbon fibers and the epoxy adhesive.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of functionalized graphene oxide/carbon fiber/epoxy nanocomposites

2015

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“…The first attempts in promoting chemical bonding between the two species involved the functionalization of one species with carbonyl chloride groups and of the other one with amine ones, in order to form an amide linkage by nucleophilic substitution [18]. In order to simplify the process, a unique acid oxidation treatment was performed on both CFs and CNTs, then they were bound by coupling agents like dendrimers and PAMAM [19,20]. This approach avoids the double functionalization but leads to a lower grafting density due to the steric hindrance induced by the coupling agent [21].…”

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confidence: 99%

Grafting carbon nanotubes onto carbon fibres doubles their effective strength and the toughness of the composite

Lavagna

Massella

Pantano

et al. 2018

Composites Science and Technology

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Bioinspiration can lead to exceptional mechanical properties in a number of biological materials as a result of their internal structure. In particular, the hierarchical arrangement of nano-to macrocomponents can bring to complex energy dissipation mechanisms and unprecedented resistance to crack growth. In this work, we propose to exploit this approach, combining in a multiscale composite structure carbon nanotubes with conventional carbon fibre reinforcements in a polyvinyl butyral matrix. We show that grafting the nanotubes onto the carbon microfibres improves their interface properties with the matrix considerably, effectively doubling their apparent strength. At the same time, the addition of nanotubes to microfibre reinforcements helps to improve the composite toughness, reaching more than twice the value for the conventional, non-hierarchically reinforced composite. Numerical simulations and fracture mechanics considerations are also provided to interpret the results.Recent developments in nanotechnology have opened the way to a new generation of polymer matrix composites that employs nanomaterial fillers to enhance specific mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. Very often, these nanofillers are based on carbonaceous materials such as graphene or carbon nanotubes (CNTs), although clays are also widely used [1]. The main issue in the employment of carbon nanomaterials in composite manufacturing lies in the difficulty in endowing the final material with the superior properties of the nanofiller , i.e. transferring nanoscale properties to a macroscopic material [2].Perhaps the best examples of how microscale and nanoscale morphologies can be arranged into a macroscopic material to yield exceptional mechanical properties are provided by natural systems [3]. For example, bone composite structure comprises different hierarchical levels, from macro to nano scale and it has been observed that effective stress transfer along the different length scales leads to exceptional mechanical performance from relatively weak constituents [4,5]. These observations have led to significant interest in the development of so-called "bioinspired materials"i.e. artificial materials that mimic some of the specific structures observed in nature, in order to achieve similar properties [6]. When mimicking the characteristics of natural hierarchical assemblies it is possible to further improve the overall mechanical performance of the obtained structures by employing constituent materials that displays a high intrinsic strength [7].Carbonaceous materials provide great potential for this type of application because of the high strength due to the presence of carbon-carbon bonds in their structures, and are available in several sizes and morphologies (fibres, nanotubes, graphene, etc.), allowing the creation of a multiscale, hierarchical structure [8,9]. Several studies have been conducted on the manufacturing of multiscale-reinforced materials based on carbon fibres (CFs) and CNTs to reinforce polymeric matrices in composites [...

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“…[6][7][8] Introduction of CNT into the interphase of CF/epoxy matrix can improve the roughness of the CF surface and therefore improve the adhesion between the CF and the matrix in a way similar to Velcro hooks. 9, 10 Various approaches have been developed to bind CNT and CF together chemically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and properties of carbon nanotube/carbon fiber hybrid reinforcement by a two-step aryl diazonium reaction

et al. 2015

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Raw carbon nanotube (CNT)/carbon fiber (CF) hybrids were achieved through a two-step aryl diazonium reaction in mild, eco-friendly conditions. Raman spectra, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the grafting of CNT onto the CF surface. The surface topography and surface free energy of the modified CFs were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and dynamic contact angle (DCA) tests, respectively. The resulting CNT/CF hybrid formed a strong chemical bond between the fiber and matrix and enhanced the surface wettability of the modified CFs. The interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of the CNT/ CF hybrid reinforced composites increased by 104% compared with that of the untreated CFs. Moreover, the mechanical properties of the CNT/CF hybrid showed a slight improvement after modification.

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Grafting carbon nanotubes onto carbon fiber by use of dendrimers

Cited by 85 publications

References 21 publications

Preparation and characterization of functionalized graphene oxide/carbon fiber/epoxy nanocomposites

Preparation and characterization of functionalized graphene oxide/carbon fiber/epoxy nanocomposites

Grafting carbon nanotubes onto carbon fibres doubles their effective strength and the toughness of the composite

Preparation and properties of carbon nanotube/carbon fiber hybrid reinforcement by a two-step aryl diazonium reaction

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