Grafting of 3D Bioprinting to In Vitro Drug Screening: A Review

Nie, Jing; Gao, Qing; Fu, Jianzhong; He, Yong

doi:10.1002/adhm.201901773

Cited by 82 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 211 publications

(129 reference statements)

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“…Apart from the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, the pharmaceutical industry could also profit from these advances of bioprinting. Preclinical in vitro drug screening on mini-tissue, organ-on-a-chip, or tissue/organ constructs could accelerate the screening of potential new drugs [121].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies to Functionalize the Anionic Biopolymer Na-Alginate without Restricting Its Polyelectrolyte Properties

2020

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The natural anionic polyelectrolyte alginate and its derivatives are of particular interest for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Most interesting for such applications are alginate hydrogels, which can be processed into various shapes, self-standing or at surfaces. Increasing efforts are underway to functionalize the alginate macromolecules prior to hydrogel formation in order to overcome the shortcomings of purely ionically cross-linked alginate hydrogels that are hindering the progress of several sophisticated biomedical applications. Particularly promising are derivatives of alginate, which allow simultaneous ionic and covalent cross-linking to improve the physical properties and add biological activity to the hydrogel. This review will report recent progress in alginate modification and functionalization with special focus on synthesis procedures, which completely conserve the ionic functionality of the carboxyl groups along the backbone. Recent advances in analytical techniques and instrumentation supported the goal-directed modification and functionalization.Polymers 2020, 12, 919 2 of 23 Physicochemical and Polyelectrolyte Characteristics of AlginateThe composition, internal structure, and molar mass of the alg backbone govern the functional properties [9]. The solubility of alg in water depends on the pH value and the type of the counterions of the carboxyl groups. At pH < 3, both the M-and G-structures will precipitate as alginic acid. However, alternating M-and G-structures precipitate at lower pH values compared to the alg containing Polymers 2020, 12, 919 3 of 23 more homogeneous block structures. Neutralization of the alginic acid occurs at pH > 4, where it is converted into its corresponding salt [10]. Na-alg is an example of a water-soluble alg.Na-alg behaves in aqueous solution as a typical linear homogeneously charged polyelectrolyte. The chain conformation and consequently the solution viscosity strongly depend on the ionic strength, i.e., on both the alg concentration and the simultaneous presence of low molar mass salt. The intramolecular electrostatic repulsion between the neighboring negatively charged carboxyl groups of each monomer unit forces alg molecules into an extended random coil conformation in aqueous solution [11]. This results in highly viscous solutions even at relatively low alg concentration. The dynamic viscosity increases exponentially with the molar mass, while the intrinsic flexibility of the alg chains in solution increases in the order GG < MM < MG [12]. On the other hand, the selectivity for cation-binding and gel-forming properties strongly depends on the composition and sequence. Divalent cations preferably bind to the G-blocks. The ability to form ionotropic gels is based on this selective binding of cations. Mixing solutions of Na-alg with solutions of cationic polyelectrolytes yields precipitates of polyelectrolyte complexes.The rheological behavior of Na-alg solutions is important for a number of technologies and depends on both the concentration and th...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies to Functionalize the Anionic Biopolymer Na-Alginate without Restricting Its Polyelectrolyte Properties

2020

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“…[ 16 ] Thermal, piezoelectric, and electrohydrodynamic methods are the three main approaches to realizing droplet formation. [ 07 ]…”

Section: D Bioprintingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the principle of inkjet‐based bioprinting confines the choice of bioink, and because of the nozzle configuration, only materials with low viscosity can be printed. [ 7 ] Because of its high resolution, inkjet‐based bioprinting can be applied in many fields, such as tissue engineering, high‐throughput drug screening, and cancer investigation. Using inkjet‐based bioprinting, HepG2 cells were printed onto hydrogel with a biocompatible surfactant to facilitate droplet formation by a piezoelectric nozzle.…”

Section: D Bioprintingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 47 ] Additionally, cells in scaffolds usually obtain nutrients by soaking in the medium, and it is difficult to realize subtle changes in the oxygen and nutrient concentrations. [ 7,48 ]…”

Section: D‐bioprinted In Vitro Liver Tissue Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new technology to mimic the human liver in vitro in order to enable stable drug development, screening, and testing, ensuring high efficacy and low toxicity of drugs, and advance liver disease research. [ 7 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current Advances on 3D‐Bioprinted Liver Tissue Models

et al. 2020

Adv Healthcare Materials

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The liver, the largest gland in the human body, plays a key role in metabolism, bile production, detoxification, and water and electrolyte regulation. The toxins or drugs that the gastrointestinal system absorbs reach the liver first before entering the bloodstream. Liver disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Therefore, an in vitro liver tissue model that reproduces the main functions of the liver can be a reliable platform for investigating liver diseases and developing new drugs. In addition, the limitations in traditional, planar monolayer cell cultures and animal tests for evaluating the toxicity and efficacy of drug candidates can be overcome. Currently, the newly emerging 3D bioprinting technologies have the ability to construct in vitro liver tissue models both in static scaffolds and dynamic liver‐on‐chip manners. This review mainly focuses on the construction and applications of liver tissue models based on 3D bioprinting. Special attention is given to 3D bioprinting strategies and bioinks for constructing liver tissue models including the cell sources and hydrogel selection. In addition, the main advantages and limitations and the major challenges and future perspectives are discussed, paving the way for the next generation of in vitro liver tissue models.

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3D Printing of In Vitro Models

2021

Cell Assembly With 3D Bioprinting

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Grafting of 3D Bioprinting to In Vitro Drug Screening: A Review

Cited by 82 publications

References 211 publications

Strategies to Functionalize the Anionic Biopolymer Na-Alginate without Restricting Its Polyelectrolyte Properties

Strategies to Functionalize the Anionic Biopolymer Na-Alginate without Restricting Its Polyelectrolyte Properties

Current Advances on 3D‐Bioprinted Liver Tissue Models

3D Printing of In Vitro Models

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