Grafting of ceramic membranes by fluorinated silanes: hydrophobic features

Development of hydrophobic clay–alumina based capillary membrane for desalination of brine by membrane distillation

“…9 and 10, respectively revealed two peaks at 1203 cm −1 and 1205 cm −1 . Peak 1203 cm −1 attributes to Si-CH 2 CH 2 C x F 2x+1 group [31] and 1205 cm −1 attributes to CF x group [23], where there is no transmission peak near 1200 cm −1 for non-grafted C-0 and C-20. For grafted C-40 and C-55 membranes, two zones are shown in Figs.…”

“…These membranes have various intermediate layer of different pore size in between the support and the top membrane layer in order to successively reduce the pore size. The top membrane layer made of zirconia has a pore size of 50 nm [15], titania has 5 nm [31] and ␥ alumina has 5 nm pore size membrane layer over macro-porous ␣ alumina support tube [21]. The support tube size used for surface modification, in general, is of 10 mm outer diameter and 1.5 mm thickness with a length of 120 mm [32] and 150 mm [15].…”

Preparation and characterization of hydrophobic ceramic hollow fibre membrane

“…For example, chloroalkylsilanes, fluoroalkylsilanes (FAS), alcohol, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), etc. [20,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. However, in this study, we are interested in fluoroalkylsilanes only as they were reported to be effective in the surface modification of flat-sheet and tubular membranes [25,27].…”

Surface modification of pyrophyllite with amino silane coupling agent for the removal of 4-nitrophenol from aqueous solutions

“…This sole property of silanes is utilized widely in the application of the silane coupling agents for the surface treatment of glass fiber products, performance improvement of fiber-reinforced plastics, improvement of paints and other coating materials and adhesives, modification of surface properties of inorganic fillers, and surface priming of various substrate materials [27]. For example, hexamethylene diisocyanate was used as coupling agent to introduce polyethylene glycol to the surface of hydroxy apatite particles to be used as a bone substitute material [28], 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane was grafted onto the surface of TiO 2 and ZrO 2 for removal of aniline and phenol through adsorption from aqueous solutions [29] and it was also used to modify silica gel particles, glass beads and TiO 2 particles for evaluation as polymer filler [30], ceramic membranes were modified by fluorinated silanes for hydrophobic features [31], octadecyltrichlorosilane and octadecyltrimethoxysilane were used to modify the montmorillonite for an encapsulating system for remediation of hazardous materials [32], and N -(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane was grafted onto spherical silica to increase adsorptive properties for dyes [33] and also coupled to the magnetite nanoparticles coated with silica for connection to proteins and enzymes [34].…”