Grafting of maleic anhydride on polyethylene. I. Mechanism of grafting in a heterogeneous medium in the presence of radical initiators

Gabara, Włodżimierz; Porejko, Stanisław

doi:10.1002/pol.1967.150050706

Cited by 49 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The structure of MASi(OEt) 2 GR was confirmed by FTIR and solid state 1 H-, 13 C-, and 29 Si-NMR. Analysis by FTIR (Fig.…”

Section: Characterization Of Masi(oet) 2 Grmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…[11][12][13] For instance, the MAGR derivatives were synthesized by MA grafting onto LMWGR backbone via BPO initiation. The structure of MAGR was confirmed via FTIR and 13 C-NMR, and the acid values were determined via methanolic KOH titration.…”

Section: Characterization Of Magrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Samples were cast from dichloromethane onto sodium chloride polished discs, and analyzed after solvent evaporation. 13 C-and 1 H-NMR were performed with a Bruker 300 MHz NMR spectrometer with deuterated …”

Section: Analyticalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis and characterization of maleinized‐silylated low molecular weight guayule rubber (MASiGR)

Thames

Gupta

2001

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:Maleinization followed by silylation of low molecular weight guayule rubber was accomplished for the first time via a two-step process. Maleinization was first effected by grafting maleic anhydride onto guayule rubber under the influence of benzoyl peroxide catalyst to give maleinized guayule rubber (MAGR). The maleinized rubber was then further derivatized via hydrosilylation with dichloromethyl silane and chloroplatinic acid (Speier's catalyst) to give maleinized-silylated guayule rubber (MASiGR). The silylated polymer (MASiGR) was further functionalized by reaction with ethanol or aqueous ammonia to produce ethoxysilane and silanol moieties, respectively. The products were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1 H-, 13 C-, and 29 Si-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR).

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“…The structure of MASi(OEt) 2 GR was confirmed by FTIR and solid state 1 H-, 13 C-, and 29 Si-NMR. Analysis by FTIR (Fig.…”

Section: Characterization Of Masi(oet) 2 Grmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Characterization Of Magrmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis and characterization of maleinized‐silylated low molecular weight guayule rubber (MASiGR)

Thames

Gupta

2001

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…12 The decreasing trend at higher concentration range is probably due to the faster rate of combination and disproportionation of PMMA macroradical versus their combination with silk. 13 …”

Section: Effect Of Variation Of the Monomer Concentration Keeping Otmentioning

confidence: 97%

Photograft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate on silk fiber using titanium(III) chloride-potassium persulphate redox initiator in a limited aqueous system. I

Maji

Banerjee

1999

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) onto mulberry silk fibers has been investigated in a limited aqueous system employing titanium(III) chloride-K 2 S 2 O 8 as the redox initiator under a photoactive condition with visible light. Polymerization in the presence of light at 32 Ϯ 1°C has been found to be more pronounced than in the dark under identical conditions. The percentage of grafting, the percentage of total conversion, and the percentage of grafting efficiency have been studied by varying the reaction time, concentration of monomer, initiator concentration, solvent composition, and pH of the medium. A high percentage of grafting (ϳ 93%), high grafting efficiency (ϳ 97%), and the percentage of total conversion (ϳ 25%) have been obtained with little homopolymer formation. Characterization of the grafted fibers has been investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Finally, the reaction mechanism has been discussed by considering hydrogen bonding.

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“…'-'~ Nylon 4 ( polypyrrolidone ) has been regarded as a promising membrane material for separation purposes because of its excellent mechanical strength and inherent affinity to water. Previous investiga-tions on nylon 4 The purpose of this study was to utilize chemical initiation to homograft HEMA monomer onto nylon 4. The membranes so obtained are better than those prepared by the chemical heterografting method in terms of the degree of grafting.…”

Section: Ntro D U Ctlo Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nylon 4/HEMA chemical homografted membrane

Lai

Chen

Hsu

1992

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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SYNOPSISTo enhance the degree of grafting, homografting copolymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate ( HEMA) onto nylon 4 using a chemical initiator has been attempted. The factors that affect the grafting copolymerization are the concentration of reactants, reaction time, and temperature. The dialysis permeabilities of solutes, water content, surface energy, mechanical properties, and blood compatibility of the membrane were investigated. Under the same reaction conditions, the degree of grafting by the homografting method is remarkably higher than that of the heterografting method for the nylon 4-HEMA grafting system. The dialysis permeabilities of NaCl, vitamin BIZ, and ovalbumin of the homografted membrane with a 14.8% degree of grafting are 2.760, 0.392, and 0.073 X cm2/min, respectively. These permeabilities are higher than the corresponding ones of ungrafted nylon 4 membrane. The mol ratios of adsorbed fibrinogen/albumin ( F / A ) of the heterografted membranes were found to decrease from 0.53 to 0.33, and the surface energy, to increase from 40.6 to 46.4 dyn/cm with the degree of grafting in the range of 12.5-29.9%, and their relationship is not remarkable for the homografted membranes for which the mol ratios of F / A are about 0.22-0.32 with the degree of grafting in the range of 14.8-103.8%. Observed from scanning electron micrographs of the membrane surface, denseness was found to be important to improve blood compatibility. Based on the dialysis permeabilities of solutes and the blood compatibility observed in this study, the homografted nylon 41 HEMA membrane can be considered as a hemodialysis material.

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Grafting of maleic anhydride on polyethylene. I. Mechanism of grafting in a heterogeneous medium in the presence of radical initiators

Cited by 49 publications

References 5 publications

Synthesis and characterization of maleinized‐silylated low molecular weight guayule rubber (MASiGR)

Synthesis and characterization of maleinized‐silylated low molecular weight guayule rubber (MASiGR)

Photograft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate on silk fiber using titanium(III) chloride-potassium persulphate redox initiator in a limited aqueous system. I

Nylon 4/HEMA chemical homografted membrane

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