Grafting of styrene onto poly(butyl acrylate) in emulsion

Gasperowicz, Aleksandra; Kolendowicz, Maryla; Skowronski, T.A.

doi:10.1016/0032-3861(82)90143-4

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…This result was similar to that reported for the graft copolymerization of MMA onto natural rubber and the graft copolymerization of ST and MMA on to ST–butadiene rubber (SBR) . However, some investigators reported a negative effect of high reaction temperature . They explained that the decomposition of the initiator increased with increasing reaction temperature, which caused an increase in both the number of free radicals and the rate of polymerization.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Synthesis of styrene‐g‐polyisoprene nanoparticles by emulsion polymerization and its effect on properties of polyisoprene composites

Suppaibulsuk

Rempel

Prasassarakich

2011

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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The graft copolymerization of styrene onto nanosized polyisoprene (PIP) was carried out by using cumene hydroperoxide and tetraethylene pentamine as redox initiators. The high conversion and high degree of grafting could be achieved when a small particle was used as the core polymer. The grafting efficiency and monomer conversion increased with increasing reaction temperature and monomer concentration. Transmission electron microscopy indicated that the small PIP nanoparticles were completely coated with polystyrene (PS) by grafting resulting in a core shell morphology of nanosized graft PIP. Nanosized PIP and nanosized PS‐g‐PIP could be used as compatibilizers for vulcanized rubber latex. The addition of nanosized PIP and PS‐g‐PIP strongly influenced the mechanical properties of the natural rubber (NR)‐based compound. Incorporation of nanosized PIP and PS‐g‐PIP resulted in an improvement of the resistance of the compounds to heat aging. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Synthesis of styrene‐g‐polyisoprene nanoparticles by emulsion polymerization and its effect on properties of polyisoprene composites

Suppaibulsuk

Rempel

Prasassarakich

2011

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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“…Zhao et al18 observed similar results for the graft copolymerization of ST and MMA onto SBR latex particles in the core–shell emulsion process. Some workers15–17 claimed that the graft efficiency decreases with an increasing initiator concentration, so there is still confusion on this matter.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some articles have dealt with the effects of process conditions on the grafting of vinyl monomers of MMA and/or ST on synthetic rubber latex. Gasperowicz et al15 investigated the grafting of ST onto poly(butyl acrylate) in emulsion form. The grafting efficiency was found to decrease with an increasing reaction time, concentration of the initiator, concentration of the emulsifier, and monomer‐to‐polymer ratio.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transition Metal Complexes of a Salen–Fullerene Diad: Redox and Catalytically Active Nanostructures for Delivery of Metals in Nanotubes

Lebedeva

Chamberlain

Davies

et al. 2013

Chemistry A European J

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A covalently-linked salen-C60 (H2L) assembly binds a range of transition metal cations in close proximity to the fullerene cage to give complexes [M(L)] (M=Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pd), [MCl(L)] (M=Cr, Fe) and [V(O)L]. Attaching salen covalently to the C60 cage only marginally slows down metal binding at the salen functionality compared to metal binding to free salen. Coordination of metal cations to salen-C60 introduces to these fullerene derivatives strong absorption bands across the visible spectrum from 400 to 630 nm, the optical features of which are controlled by the nature of the transition metal. The redox properties of the metal-salen-C60 complexes are determined both by the fullerene and by the nature of the transition metal, enabling the generation of a wide range of fullerene-containing charged species, some of which possess two or more unpaired electrons. The presence of the fullerene cage enhances the affinity of these complexes for carbon nanostructures, such as single-, double- and multiwalled carbon nanotubes and graphitised carbon nanofibres, without detrimental effects on the catalytic activity of the metal centre, as demonstrated in styrene oxidation catalysed by [Cu(L)]. This approach shows promise for applications of salen-C60 complexes in heterogeneous catalysis.

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“…The authors in this field report different results about the efficiency of grafting. [3][4][5] From study on microstructure and morphology of latex particles, not only can much be learned about the mechanism of emulsion polymerization, but also much information can be gained about micromixing between multiphase polymer composites. The multiphase composite latex particles are, furthermore, an ideal model system for studying the properties of polymer blends and composite materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism and grafting reactions in seeded emulsion polymerization with emulsified monomer feeding

Xu¹,

Yuan²,

Wang³

et al. 1999

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:The seeded emulsion polymerization of styrene with emulsified monomer feeding was performed by polyethyl acrylate (PEA) latex as seed emulsion. It was shown that the grafting reactions occurred between two components on the composite latex particles. The loci of seeded polymerization were studied by the kinetics of grafting reaction. The highest grafting efficiency in the initial period of seeded emulsion polymerization supported the fact that the surfaces of PEA particles are the sites of polymerization of styrene. The grafting efficiency decreased with increasing monomerto-polymer ratio and initiator concentration.

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Grafting of styrene onto poly(butyl acrylate) in emulsion

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Synthesis of styrene‐g‐polyisoprene nanoparticles by emulsion polymerization and its effect on properties of polyisoprene composites

Synthesis of styrene‐g‐polyisoprene nanoparticles by emulsion polymerization and its effect on properties of polyisoprene composites

Transition Metal Complexes of a Salen–Fullerene Diad: Redox and Catalytically Active Nanostructures for Delivery of Metals in Nanotubes

Mechanism and grafting reactions in seeded emulsion polymerization with emulsified monomer feeding

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